Table 2 Average concentrations of heavy metals (mg kg−1) in dust of urban and suburban areas and their comparison with those reported for other countries.

From: Sources, toxicity potential, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals-laden soil and dust of urban and suburban areas as affected by industrial and mining activities

Dust

Al

Cd

Co

Cr

Cu

Fe

Mn

Ni

Pb

Ti

Zn

Digestion

References

Riyadh (Urban)

10,400

0.10

4.50

29.7

24.0

12,900

210

26.7

16.1

350

599

HNO3

In this study

Riyadh (Suburban)

9440

0.00

2.56

24.3

10.0

11,500

179

21.9

8.6

314

603

HNO3

In this study

Mahad AD’Dahab (Urban)

13,900

0.69

8.4

30.0

127

18,500

357

29.3

38.8

803

982

HNO3

In this study

Mahad AD’Dahab (Suburban)

10,200

0.12

4.7

18.6

24.3

15,000

294

20.0

7.4

592

666

HNO3

In this study

Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)

12,057

–

17.7

46.6

117

13,160

199

20.3

96.3

–

101

HNO3:HF:HCl:H2O2

65

Khamees-Mushait (Saudi Arabia)

–

1.16

34.2

186.5

49.4

62,735

803

–

126.4

–

118

HCl:HNO3:HF

66

Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)

–

7.46

11.7

65.4

139.1

12,449

551

51.3

141.0

–

488

HNO3 + HCl

HCl/HNO3

67

68

Middle and South (Iraq)

–

1.33

–

–

–

33,800

–

106.4

76.9

–

216

Kermanshah (Iran)

–

–

–

73.7

47.6

–

–

119.5

–

–

210.3

HCl/HNO3

69

Rafsanjan, SE Iran

 

3.1

 

18.4

791.4

  

28.4

123.1

 

252.6

HF:HNO3

70

Changqing (China)

–

–

16.4

1591.8

178.2

–

346.5

40.2

1586

–

1918.8

 

2

Xi’an (China)

–

–

19.4

–

102.7

–

581

56.7

266.3

3787

798

 

71

Hong Kong (China)

20,400

–

9.5

124.0

110.0

14,100

594

28.6

120

2370

3840

 

72

Olso

59,527

–

19.0

–

123.0

51,452

833

41.0

180

7452

476

HNO3 + HClO4 + HF

73

Madrid

43,800

–

3.0

61.0

188.0

19,300

362

44.0

1927

1100

476

HNO3 + HClO4 + HF

73

Luanda (Angola)

4839

1.1

2.9

26.0

42.0

11,572

258

10.0

351

107

317

HNO3 + HCl

74

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