Table 2 Factors associated with poor OS in HCC patients with tumor rupture in univariate and model I multivariate analysis.

From: Surgical resection could provide better outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor rupture

Variable

N (%)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR (95% CI)

p

HR (95% CI)

p

Non-SR/SR

33/58 (36.3/63.7)

6.173 (3.436–11.09)

 < 0.001

6.649 (3.581–12.344)

< 0.001

Age (y/o) > 65/≤ 65

39/52 (42.9/57.1)

1.415 (0.824– 2.428)

0.208

  

Gender M/F

71/20 (78.0/22.0)

0.858 (0.459–1.602)

0.630

  

BMI (kg/m2) < 24/≥ 24

40/32 (44.0/35.2)

0.983 (0.555–1.825)

0.983

  

AFP (ng/mL) ≥ 100/< 100

53/38 (58.2/41.8)

1.691 (0.961–2.973)

0.068

2.979 (1.587–5.595)

0.001

Size (cm) > 10/≤ 10

32/59 (35.2/64.8)

1.994 (1.161–3.426)

0.012

  

HBsAg Y/N

42/48 (46.2/52.7)

0.570 (0.328–0.992)

0.047

0.368 (0.200–0.678)

0.001

Anti-HCV Y/N

16/73 (17.6/80.2)

1.934 (1.032–3.636)

0.040

  

ALBI 2/3 & 1

58/33 (63.7/36.3)

2.179 (1.209–3.930)

0.010

2.013 (1.091–3.711)

0.025

MELD > 11/≤ 11

34/57 (37.4/62.6)

1.579 (0.919–2.711)

0.404

  

Albumin (mg/dL) ≤ 3.5/> 3.5

42/47 (46.2/51.6)

2.652 (1.517–4.630)

0.001

  

Platelet (/mm3) ≤ 150,000/> 150,000

26/65 (28.6/71.4)

1.270 (0.715–2.257)

0.415

  

PTINR ≥ 1.15/ < 1.15

30/60 (33.0/65.9)

1.899 (1.094–3.296)

0.023

  

Bilirubin (mg/dL) ≥ 1.2/< 1.2

29/62 (31.9/68.1)

1.817 (1.043–3.165)

0.035

  

Hgb (mg/dL) ≤ 11/> 11

43/48 (47.3/52.7)

2.079 (1.212–3.571)

0.008

  

BUN (mg/dL) ≥ 20/ < 20

29/58 (31.9/63.7)

2.087 (1.206–3.612)

0.009

  

Creatinine (mg/dL) ≥ 1.0/ < 1.0

45/46 (49.5/50.5)

1.315 (0.770–2.249)

0.315

  

ALT (U/L) ≥ 40/ < 40

36/55 (39.6/60.4)

1.738 (1.015/2.976)

0.044

  

ALKP (U/L) ≥ 100/ < 100

33/40 (36.3/44.0)

1.973 (1.074–3.624)

0.028

  

BCLC stage (C + D/A + B)

55/36 (60.4/39.6)

4.627 (2.651–8.077)

 < 0.001

  
  1. CI confidence interval, SR surgical resection, BMI body mass index, AFP α-fetoprotein, HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen, HCV hepatitis C virus, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, ALBI albumin-bilirubin, PT INR prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, HgB hemoglobulin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALKP alkaline phosphatase, BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.
  2. Model II multivariate analysis showed that non-SR group (HR: 6.273, 95% CI: 3.099–12.698, p < 0.001), serum AFP ≥ 100 mg/mL (HR:3.083, 95% CI 1.412–6.729, p = 0.005), HBsAg positivity (HR:0.411, 95% CI 0.198–0.850, p = 0.016), serum albumin levels ≤ 3.5 mg/dL (HR 2.865, 95% CI 1.480–5.747, p = 0.004), and Alk-P levels ≥ 100 U/L (HR:1.956, 95% CI 1.006–3.804, p = 0.048) were the factors correlated with OS.
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