Table 5 Association of PM exposure and suicide events among major depressive disorder patients according to subgroups.
1st quartile [aOR (95% CI)] | 2nd quartile [aOR (95% CI)] | 3rd quartile [aOR (95% CI)] | 4th quartile [aOR (95% CI)] | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
20–39 | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.86 (0.64–1.14) | 0.95 (0.71–1.28) | 1.09 (0.80–1.50) | 0.434 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.83–1.45) | 1.00 (0.75–1.33) | 1.21 (0.89–1.63) | 0.606 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (0.85–1.50) | 1.03 (0.75–1.40) | 1.27 (0.90–1.78) | 0.264 |
≥ 40 | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | 1.18 (1.03–1.37) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 0.024 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 0.042 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 0.036 |
Sex | |||||
Men | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.179 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.11 (0.94–1.33) | 0.181 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 1.12 (0.94–1.34) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 0.419 |
Women | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 1.11 (0.91–1.36) | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | 0.036 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) | 0.292 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.94–1.37) | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 1.30 (1.03–1.64) | 0.044 |
Income | |||||
High | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 1.19 (0.99–1.44) | 0.072 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) | 0.175 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.96–1.21) | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) | 1.16 (0.95–1.43) | 0.079 |
Low | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 0.123 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | 0.071 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.09 (0.91–1.30) | 1.06 (0.88–1.30) | 1.23 (0.99–1.53) | 0.101 |
Disease duration | |||||
< 5 years | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.31 (1.09–1.57) | 1.31 (1.08–1.58) | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) | 0.036 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.26 (1.06–1.50) | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 1.21 (1.00–1.47) | 0.099 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.17 (0.97–1.40) | 1.26 (1.03–1.53) | 1.27 (1.02–1.58) | 0.028 |
≥ 5 years | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.182 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 0.103 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 1.13 (0.92–1.38) | 0.247 |
Alcohol | |||||
No | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.23 (0.99–1.52) | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 1.30 (1.02–1.66) | 0.053 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 (0.94–1.42) | 1.24 (1.01–1.54) | 1.30 (1.04–1.64) | 0.016 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 1.13 (0.87–1.46) | 0.252 |
Yes | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.93–1.37) | 1.20 (0.92–1.58) | 1.27 (0.94–1.70) | 0.082 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | 1.21 (0.93–1.57) | 1.23 (0.92–1.63) | 0.154 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 1.22 (0.93–1.61) | 1.30 (0.95–1.78) | 0.054 |
Exercise | |||||
No | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) | 1.33 (1.05–1.69) | 1.42 (1.10–1.83) | 0.008 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 1.39 (1.11–1.74) | 1.48 (1.17–1.88) | 0.001 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 1.27 (1.00–1.61) | 1.16 (0.89–1.52) | 0.127 |
Yes | |||||
PM10 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.84–1.35) | 1.07 (0.83–1.39) | 1.13 (0.86–1.50) | 0.394 |
PM2.5 Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.84–1.35) | 1.04 (0.81–1.34) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 0.815 |
Coarse Lag1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (0.79–1.28) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 1.25 (0.92–1.69) | 0.140 |
