Table 2 1H NMR (D2O, ref: DSS, pH 7, 400 MHz) chemical shifts of the identified metabolites, their presence, and relative abundances (%) in respective fractions F5-F8 and crude HO-2020.
From: Belgian endive-derived biostimulants promote shoot and root growth in vitro
No. | Group | Metabolites | Chemical shifts δ (ppm) | F5 (%) | F6 (%) | F7 (%) | F8 (%) | HO-2020 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amino acids | ||||||||
1 | l-Alanine | 1.48 (d, CH3); 3.78a (α-CH) | ✓(1.5) | ✓(1.2) | ✓(1.3) | ✓(2.2) | ✓(1.5) | |
2 | l-Aspartate | 2.67 (m, β-CH); 2.80 (dd, β’-CH); 3.89a (α-CH) | ✓(< 0.1) | ✓(0.7) | ✓(1.7) | |||
3 | l-Arginine | 1.7 (m, γ-CH2); 1.9 (m, β-CH2); 3.23 (t, δ-CH2); 3.72a (α-CH) | ✓(5.9) | ✓(6.3) | ||||
Sugars | ||||||||
4 | 1-Kestose | 5.41 (d, CH-1) | ✓(24.2) | ✓(13.5) | ✓(19.1) | ✓(28.4) | ✓(12.4) | |
5 | β-d-Glucose | 3.24 (t, CH-2); 4.64 (d, CH-1) | ✓(4.9) | ✓(19.8) | ✓(16.1) | ✓(5.2) | ✓(24.2) | |
6 | α-d-Glucose | 5.22 (d, CH-1) | ✓(6.3) | ✓(1.1) | ✓(3.4) | ✓(2.9) | ✓(18.7) | |
7 | Sucrose | 3.46 (t, CH-7); 5.41 (d, CH-1) | ✓(37.6) | ✓(17.0) | ✓(33.6) | ✓(40.9) | ||
Organic acids | ||||||||
8 | Malate | 2.39 (m, β-CH); 2.66 (dd, β’-CH); 4.29a (α-CH) | ✓(19) | ✓(14.4) | ✓(19.7) | ✓(6.1) | ✓(15.7) | |
9 | Citrate | 2.53 (d); 2.67 (m) | ✓(3.1) | ✓(3.2) | ✓(10.5) | |||
10 | Lactate | 1.32 (d, CH3) | ✓(18.8) | ✓(1.0) | ✓(3.4) | |||
11 | Acetate | 1.91 (s, CH3) | ✓(10) | ✓(8.1) | ✓(9.5) | |||
12 | Fumarate | 6.5 (s, β-CH = CH) | ✓(0.2) | ✓(0.2) | ✓(0.7) | |||
13 | Formate | 8.44 (s, HCOOH) | ✓(0.4) | ✓(0.7) | ✓(0.4) | |||
Other compounds | ||||||||
14 | Choline | 3.19 (s) | ✓(0.6) | ✓(0.4) | ✓(0.5) | ✓(0.4) | ✓(1.4) |
