Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Functional HLA-C expressing trophoblast spheroids as a model to study placental–maternal immune interactions during human implantation

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Generation of Sw71 spheroids as a model of early human placenta. (a) Differentiation of spheroid from Sw71 cells visualized at different time-points: 2–8 h—aggregation; 8–24 h—compaction, 24–48 h—stable spheroid. Left column—formation of a single differentiated spheroid with intact border, right column—additional digital zoom to show the formation of intact periphery. (b) Reproducibility (exp. 1–3) and some obstacles (exp. 4–6) during differentiation of the models exemplified by representative Sw71 spheroids captured at D0, D1 and D2 (6 independent experiments): exp. 1—fine spheroid, brightfield view; exp. 2—fine spheroid, phase contrast view; exp. 3—fine Sw71-GFP spheroid, trans, fluorescent and overlaid view; exp. 4—mechanical non-organic contamination; exp. 5—nonoptimal humidity; exp. 6—plate defects. (c) Sw71 spheroids’ morphological characteristics: 1. Measurements; 2. Mean diameter values of Sw71 spheroids (n = 126) at D0, D1 and D2, and before and after their transfer; 3. Surface measured for the same spheroids. (d) Sw71 spheroids’ disintegration during long term culture without additional feeding presented by two representative spheroids. Left—Sw71-GFP spheroid on D7 in overlayed view. Right—Sw71 spheroid, pictured on D8 and D14. Imaging: (a) time-lapse live cells imaging system OMNI (CytoSmart Technology, The Netherlands), magnification 10× (+ manual digital zoom), pictures taken every 2 h, but only selected images were included. (b, c, d) ECHO Revolve microscope (RVL-100-M, Echo, San Diego, CA, USA), magnification 4×. Bars (b, c) = 530 µm. Statistics was processed with GraphPad Prism v.5.0 software.

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