Table 2 Analgesic drug prescription in control, and tapentadol (TAP) and oxycodone/naloxone (OXN) cases groups for chronic non-cancer pain.

From: Oxycodone/naloxone versus tapentadol in real-world chronic non-cancer pain management: an observational and pharmacogenetic study

Pain medication n (%)

Control (n = 216)

Case

p-value

Cramer’s V

TAP (n = 194)

OXN (n = 175)

Analgesic

71 (33)

73 (36)

55 (31)

0.329

0.044I

Tramadol

92 (43)

26 (12)*

13 (7)*

 < 0.001

0.381I

NSAIDs

23 (11)

25 (12)

22 (12)

0.639

0.023 I

Opioids n (%)

MEDD (mg/day)

110 ± 109

89 ± 88*

124 ± 109††

0.007

0.017II

Fentanyl transdermal

75 (35)

15 (7)**

29 (16)†*

 < 0.001

0.194I

Oxycodone

28 (13)

6 (4)*

3 (2)*

 < 0.001

0.213I

Morphine

27 (12)

12 (6)*

4 (2)*

 < 0.001

0.165I

Buprenorphine

23 (11)

3 (2)*

4 (2)*

 < 0.001

0.293I

Hydromorphone

14 (6)

2 (1)**

2 (1)**

 < 0.001

0.153I

Coadyuvants n (%)

Pregabalin

107 (49)

51 (25)*

72 (40)†

 < 0.001

0.212I

Gabapentin

48 (22)

22 (11)*

24 (13)*

0.003

0.138I

Duloxetine

71 (33)

32 (16)**

44 (24)†

 < 0.001

0.167I

Benzodiazepines

83 (38)

88 (43)

83 (46)

0.292

0.064I

  1. MEDD morphine equivalent daily dose.
  2. Comparison cases vs. control, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 and †p < 0.05 tapentadol vs. oxycodone/naloxone, cell in italics denotes also significant differences between tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone. Effect size was determined as follows: For Chi-square χ2 test using ICramer’s V (effect size < 0.2 small, 0.2 < effect size < 0.6 intermediate and effect size > 0.6 large effect).
  3. IIEta squared for One-Way ANOVA (effect size of 0.01–0.04 small, 0.06–0.11 intermediate and 0.14–0.2 large effect).
  4. Large effect size is written in bold font.
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