Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of the 92 participants.

From: Clinical findings and predictive factors for positive anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies in patients suffering from a non-tuberculosis mycobacteria or Talaromyces marneffei infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study

Variable

Group 1 (n = 63)

Group 2 (n = 29)

P

Age (year)

53 (45–63)

57 (50–63)

0.32

Sex, female n (%)

29 (45.3)

15(51.7)

0.91

BMI (kg/m2)

19.5 (16.9–21.9)

20.3 (17.7–21.8)

0.53

Duration of follow up (m)

18.5 (13–38.7)

14.0 (10–33)

0.37

No. of infecting pathogens*

2 (1–6)

1 (1–1)

0.00

Coinfected ≥ 2 pathogens n (%) #

29 (45.3)

0(0)

–

No. of involved sites

4 (3–6)

1(1–3)

0.00

AIGA positive n (%)

64 (100.0)

0 (0)

–

AIGA titers (ng/ml)

32,343.8

(19,712.8–58,117.3)

3452.9

(1985.7–3983.2)

0.00

WBC × 109cells/L

18.8 (10.7–24.8)

8.7 (5.9–19.7)

0.01

N × 109 cells/L

15.6 (7.7–20.6)

6.9 (3.96–17.0)

0.03

L × 109 cells/L

1.4 (1.0–1.9)

0.9(0.3–1.2)

0.01

HGB g/L

82.8 (70.8–96.0)

114.2 (70.8–122.2)

0.03

ESR mm/h

97.0 (61.5–113.0)

25.0 (10.0–84.0)

0.00

CRP mg/L

138.2 (92.5–192.0)

17.8 (10.0–138.3)

0.01

CD4+T cell cells/µL

484 (365–654)

890 (696–1117)

0.00

CD8+T cell cells/µL

455 (367–792)

422 (346,822)

0.34

CD3+T cell cells/µL

903 (672–1301)

1246 (897–1550)

0.42

IgG g/L

26.6 (20.7–34.7)

12.1 (9.6–16.0)

0.00

IgA g/L

3.0 (2.2–4.1)

2.3(2.1–2.7)

0.14

IgM g/L

1.5 (1.2–2.4)

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.00

Globulin g/L

41.6 (36.1–55.4)

24.8(20.7–28.5)

0.00

Prognosis and outcomes

  

0.04

Cured

15 (23.4)

15 (51.7)

 

Persistent infection

19 (29.7)

5 (17.2)

 

Relapse infection

21 (32.8)

6 (20.7)

 

Death

9 (14.1)

3 (10.3)

 
  1. Data are expressed as median ± interquartile range. Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used to determine statistical significance among the groups. P < 0.05. Data were collected under sterile conditions before the patient received antimicrobial therapy treatment and during the active stage of the infection. Group 1 = AIGA-positive patients, Group 2 = AIGA-negative patients.
  2. *The number of infecting pathogens is expressed as median (range minimum to maximum).
  3. #Among these, 29 patients showed co-infection or multiple infections, including 4 with TM and Salmonella co-infection, 2 with TM and Burkholderia co-infection, 2 with TM and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-infection, 1 with TM and Staphylococcus aureus co-infection, and 20 with TM and NTM co-infection. Among the 20 patients with TM and NTM co-infection, 13 were infected with more than three pathogens. Among these 13 patients, besides TM and NTM, 2 patients were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, 3 with Aspergillus, 3 with Salmonella, 3 with Burkholderia, 1 with Candida albicans, 1 with Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 with Providencia rettgeri, 1 with Citrobacter, and 1 with Epstein-Barr virus. BMI body mass index; AIGA anti-IFN-γ autoantibody; ND not done; WBC white blood cell; N neutrophil count; L lymphocyte count; HGB hemoglobin; ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP C-reactive protein; Ig immunoglobulin. Normal range: IgG: 8–18 g/L, IgA: 2.01–2.69 g/L, IgM: 0.84–1.32 g/L, CD4+T cell: 410–1590 cells/µL, CD8+T cell: 190–1140 cells/µL, CD3+T cell: 690–2540 cells/µL.
  4. Significant values are in [bold].
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