Table 2 Clinical and paraclinical data regarding bronchoalveolar lavage in critically ill COVID-19 patients, according to the 28-day WHO-CPS.

From: Identification of bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Patients

All patients (n = 76)

D28 WHO-CPS>5 group (n = 45)

D28 WHO-CPS≤5 group (n = 31)

P valuea

Timing of BAL

Time from symptoms onset to BAL (days)

13 [9–17]

13 [9–18]

12 [8–15]

0.31

Specific therapies received on or before the day of BAL

Tocilizumab

8 (11)

5 (11)

3 (10)

1

Corticosteroid

52 (68)

31 (69)

21 (68)

1

Time from corticosteroid start to BAL (days)

2 [1–5]

3 [1–6]

2 [1–3]

0.1

Chest CT-scan patterns at the time of BAL

Crazy paving

33/41 (80)

17/22 (77)

16/19 (84)

0.7

Consolidation

34/41 (83)

20/22 (91)

14/19 (74)

0.22

Lesions > 50% of lung parenchyma

26/41 (63)

21/22 (95)

5/19 (26)

<0.001

Microbiological documentation in BALF

Bacteria

14 (18)

8 (18)

6 (19)

1

SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR)

37/43 (86)

20/24 (83)

17/19 (89)

0.68

Gene E cycle threshold (Ct)

16 [10–23]

17 [10–24]

16 [9–22]

0.55

Other respiratory virus

3 (4)

2 (4)

1 (3)

1

  1. Data are presented as median [first through third quartiles] or number (%). Patients were grouped according to their WHO-CPS value at 28-day. A score value higher than 5 (D28-WHO-CPS > 5) defined a poor 28-day outcome, whereas a score value equal or lower than 5 (D28-WHO-CPS ≤ 5) defined a good 28-day outcome.
  2. BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, BALF BAL fluid, chest CT-scan chest computed tomography scan, ICU intensive care unit, RT-PCR reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment.
  3. aP values refer to differences between D28-WHO-CPS > 5 and D28-WHO-CPS ≤ 5 groups. Boldface values indicate statistically significant differences between the groups.
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