Table 4 Indicators of the hospital use of antimicrobial agents based on consumption and expenditure in the pre-intervention and intervention periods.

From: Pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship programme in a small hospital without infectious diseases physicians

AUD, mean/trimester (SD)

Preinterventiona

Interventionb

p-value

Overall consumption of antimicrobials

907.1

693.8

0.012

Overall consumption of antibacterial agents

874.6

672.5

0.012

Overall consumption of systemic antifungal agents

32.5

21.3

0.069

Consumption of carbapenems

73.3

34.9

0.012

Consumption of fluoroquinolones

181.9

95.8

0.012

Consumption of macrolides

31.1

35.9

0.401

Consumption of metronidazole

32.1

19.6

0.069

Consumption of phosphomycin

1.9

5.4

0.012

Sequential therapy

0.4

0.5

0.484

Anti-MSSA agents/anti-MRSA agents ratio

1.3

1.8

0.025

Amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ratio

0.1

0.1

0.779

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid/piperacillin-tazobactam ratio

4.6

3.7

0.093

Macrolides/fluoroquinolones ratio

0.2

0.5

0.025

Direct acquisition cost (€), mean/trimester (IQR)

77044.5

56425.3

0.012

  1. aJanuary 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018.
  2. bJanuary 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020.
  3. AUD Defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 patients-days. IQR Interquartile range, MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MSSA Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, SD Standard deviation.