Table 1 List of medicinal plants used in this study and their detailed information.

From: Development of a DNA barcode library of plants in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Monographs for authentication of herbal products

No	Botanical name	Family name	Monograph		Voucher number/ID	Collection location	GenBank accession numbers
No	Botanical name	Family name	TMM (volume)	THP (year)	Voucher number/ID	Collection location	ITS2	matK	rbcL	trnH-psbA
1	Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry	Myrtaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-043	FPSCU	LC435390	LC435391	LC435392	LC435393
2	Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl	Lauraceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-044	FPSCU	LC435394	LC435395	LC435396	LC435397
3	Strychnos nux-vomica L	Strychnaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-109	FPSCU	LC461741	LC461742	LC461743	LC461744
4	Terminalia chebula Retz	Combretaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-017	FPSCU	LC435434	LC435435	LC435436	LC435437
5	Curcuma longa L	Zingiberaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-002	FPSCU	LC461717	LC461718	LC461719	LC461720
6	Zingiber officinale Rosc	Zingiberaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-033	FPSCU	LC461745	LC461746	LC461747	LC461748
7	Cassia fistula L	Fabaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-051	FPSCU	LC435398	LC435399	LC435400	LC435401
8	Santalum album L	Santalaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-025	QSBG	LC435402	LC435403	LC435404	LC435405
9	Pterocarpus santalinus L.f	Fabaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-026	Bangkok	LC461725	LC461726	LC461727	LC461728
10	Plumbago zeylanica L	Plumbaginaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-054	Bangkok	LC435406	LC435407	LC435408	LC435409
11	Plumbago indica L	Plumbaginaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-055	FPSCU	LC435410	LC435411	LC435412	LC435413
12	Tinospora baenzingeri Forman	Menispermaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-059	HPMSHG	LC435414	LC435415	LC435416	LC435417
13	Senna alata (L.) Roxb	Fabaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-003	FPSCU	LC435422	LC435423	LC435424	LC435425
14	Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf	Poaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-063	HPMSHG	LC461749	LC461750	LC461751	LC461752
15	Solori scandens (Roxb.) Benth	Fabaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-034	FPSCU	LC435418	LC435419	LC435420	LC435421
16	Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson	Menispermaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-004	FPSCU	LC435426	LC435427	LC435428	LC435429
17	Centella asiatica (L.) Urb	Apiaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-012	FPSCU	LC461753	LC461754	LC461755	LC461756
18	Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small	Poaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-110	FPSCU	LC461921	LC461922	LC461923	LC461924
19	Piper nigrum L	Piperaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-005	FPSCU	LC461757	LC461758	LC461759	LC461760
20	Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees	Acanthaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-007	FPSCU	LC461761	LC461762	LC461763	LC461764
21	Phyllanthus emblica L	Euphorbiaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-015	FPSCU	LC435430	LC435431	LC435432	LC435433
22	Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C.Chen	Dracaenaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-032	FPSCU	LC461765	LC461766	LC461767	LC461768
23	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb	Combretaceae	I	2021	FPSCU SS-018	FPSCU	LC438866	LC438867	LC438868	LC438869
24	Azadirachta indica A.Juss	Meliaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-093	HPMSHG	LC461769	LC461770	LC461771	LC461772
25	Cyperus rotundus L	Cyperaceae	I	–	FPSCU SS-149	Bangkok	LC461773	LC461774	LC461775	LC461776
26	Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf	Zingiberaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-037	FPSCU	LC461777	LC461778	LC461779	LC461780
27	Ocimum tenuiflorum L	Lamiaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-001	HPMSHG	LC461781	LC461782	LC461783	LC461784
28	Pluchea indica (L.) Less	Asteraceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-047	FPSCU	LC438882	LC438883	LC438884	LC438885
29	Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd	Zingiberaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-112	FPSCU	LC461785	LC461786	LC461787	LC461788
30	Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby	Fabaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-010	FPSCU	LC438886	LC438887	LC438888	LC438889
31	Aristolochia pierrei Lec	Aristolochiaceae	II	2021	MUS-5409	Sakon Nakhon	KP998796	KP998782	KP998768	KP998810
32	Capparis micracantha DC	Capparaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-060	HPMSHG	LC438890	LC438891	LC438892	LC438893
33	Myristica fragrans Houtt	Myristicaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-052	HPMSHG	LC461925	LC461926	LC461927	LC461928
34	Piper retrofractum Vahl	Piperaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-011	FPSCU	LC461929	LC461930	LC461931	LC461932
35	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	Nelumbonaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-027	Bangkok	LC438878	LC438879	LC438880	LC438881
36	Mesua ferrea L	Calophyllaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-028	FPSCU	LC461789	LC461790	LC461791	LC461792
37	Kaempferia galanga L	Zingiberaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-068	HPMSHG	LC461793	LC461794	LC461795	LC461796
38	Mimusops elengi L	Sapotaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-029	FPSCU	LC438870	LC438871	LC438872	LC438873
39	Citrus hystrix DC	Rutaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-014	FPSCU	LC438898	LC438899	LC438900	LC438901
40	Tamarindus indica L	Fabaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-076	HPMSHG	LC461733	LC461734	LC461735	LC461736
41	Ficus racemosa L	Moraceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-077	HPMSHG	LC461797	LC461798	LC461799	LC461800
42	Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa	Rutaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-078	HPMSHG	LC461801	LC461802	LC461803	LC461804
43	Jasminum sambac (L.) Sol	Oleaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-114	FPSCU	LC461805	LC461806	LC461807	LC461808
44	Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze	Lamiaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-082	HPMSHG	LC461737	LC461738	LC461739	LC461740
45	Tiliacora triandra Diels	Menispermaceae	II	2021	FPSCU SS-083	HPMSHG	LC438894	LC438895	LC438896	LC438897
46	Brucea javanica (L.) Merr	Simaroubaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-086	HPMSHG	LC438902	LC438903	LC438904	LC438905
47	Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC	Fabaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-115	FPSCU	LC461933	LC461934	LC461935	LC461936
48	Mammea siamensis (T. Anderson) Kosterm	Calophyllaceae	II	–	FPSCU SS-095	HPMSHG	LC438874	LC438875	LC438876	LC438877
49	Hibiscus sabdariffa L	Malvaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-036	FPSCU	LC461809	LC461810	LC461811	LC461812
50	Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. et Thomson var. Odorata	Annonaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-038	FPSCU	LC438906	LC438907	LC438908	LC438909
51	Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don	Araceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-116	FPSCU	LC461937	LC461938	LC461939	LC461940
52	Euphorbia antiquorum L	Euphorbiaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-042	FPSCU	LC438910	LC438911	LC438912	LC438913
53	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam	Moraceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-120	FPSCU	LC461813	LC461814	LC461815	LC461816
54	Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte	Thymelaeaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-040	FPSCU	LC461817	LC461818	LC461819	LC461820
55	Pueraria candollei Wall. ex Benth. var. mirifica (Airy Shaw et Suvat.) Niyomdham	Fabaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-041	FPSCU	LC456342	LC456343	LC456344	LC456345
56	Eclipta prostrata (L.) L	Asteraceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-117	FPSCU	LC461821	LC461822	LC461823	LC461824
57	Streblus asper Lour	Moraceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-048	FPSCU	LC456346	LC456347	LC456348	LC456349
58	Bixa orellana L	Bixaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-121	FPSCU	LC461941	LC461942	LC461943	LC461944
59	Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre var. champaca	Magnoliaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-053	Bangkok	LC461825	LC461826	LC461827	LC461828
60	Elephantopus scaber L	Asteraceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-062	HPMSHG	LC456350	LC456351	LC456352	LC456353
61	Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz	Acanthaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-065	HPMSHG	LC461829	LC461830	LC461831	LC461832
62	Jatropha multifida L	Euphorbiaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-071	HPMSHG	LC461833	LC461834	LC461835	LC461836
63	Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau	Acanthaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-023	QSBG	LC456354	LC456355	LC456356	LC456357
64	Piper betle L	Piperaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-013	FPSCU	LC461837	LC461838	LC461839	LC461840
65	Houttuynia cordata Thunb	Saururaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-072	HPMSHG	LC456358	LC456359	LC456360	LC456361
66	Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz	Bignoniaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-074	HPMSHG	LC456362	LC456363	LC456364	LC456365
67	Cissus quadrangularis L	Vitaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-030	FPSCU	LC456366	LC456367	LC456368	LC456369
68	Moringa oleifera Lam	Moringaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-125	FPSCU	LC461949	LC461950	LC461951	LC461952
69	Solanum trilobatum L	Solanaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-008	FPSCU	LC461841	LC461842	LC461843	LC461844
70	Garcinia mangostana L	Clusiaceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-080	HPMSHG	LC461845	LC461846	LC461847	LC461848
71	Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl	Acanthaceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-031	FPSCU	LC456370	LC456371	LC456372	LC456373
72	Acorus calamus L	Acoraceae	III	2021	FPSCU SS-016	FPSCU	LC461849	LC461850	LC461851	LC461852
73	Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers	Lythraceae	III	–	FPSCU SS-107	Bangkok	LC461853	LC461854	LC461855	LC461856
74	Salacia chinensis L	Celastraceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-127	FPSCU	LC461857	LC461858	LC461859	LC461860
75	Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr	Menispermaceae	IV	2021	FPSCU SS-020	FPSCU	LC461721	LC461722	LC461723	LC461724
76	Alyxia reinwardtii Blume	Apocynaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-056	HPMSHG	LC461729	LC461730	LC461731	LC461732
77	Piper sarmentosum Roxb	Piperaceae	IV	2021	FPSCU SS-021	FPSCU	LC461861	LC461862	LC461863	LC461864
78	Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida	Apocynaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-064	HPMSHG	LC456374	LC456375	LC456376	LC456377
79	Annona squamosa L	Annonaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-066	HPMSHG	LC461865	LC461866	LC461867	LC461868
80	Caesalpinia sappan L	Fabaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-070	HPMSHG	LC456378	LC456379	LC456380	LC456381
81	Bridelia ovata Decne	Phyllanthaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-075	HPMSHG	LC456382	LC456383	LC456384	LC456385
82	Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle	Rutaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-079	HPMSHG	LC456386	LC456387	LC456388	LC456389
83	Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f	Clusiaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-084	HPMSHG	LC456406	LC456407	LC456408	LC456409
84	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f	Asphodelaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-128	FPSCU	LC461869	LC461870	LC461871	LC461872
85	Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex Fleming	Combretaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-091	HPMSHG	LC461873	LC461874	LC461875	LC461876
86	Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr	Rutaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-129	FPSCU	LC461877	LC461878	LC461879	LC461880
87	Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb	Fabaceae	IV	2021	FPSCU SS-009	FPSCU	LC461881	LC461882	LC461883	LC461884
88	Tectona grandis L.f	Lamiaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-094	HPMSHG	LC461885	LC461886	LC461887	LC461888
89	Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob	Asteraceae	IV	2021	SS-645	FPSCU	LC503563	LC503564	LC503565	LC503566
90	Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq	Lamiaceae	IV	2021	FPSCU SS-024	QSBG	LC456390	LC456391	LC456392	LC456393
91	Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels	Myrtaceae	IV	–	FPSCU SS-131	FPSCU	LC461889	LC461890	LC461891	LC461892
92	Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker	Zingiberaceae	V	2021	FPSCU SS-019	FPSCU	LC461893	LC461894	LC461895	LC461896
93	Ziziphus attopensis Pierre	Rhamnaceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-045	FPSCU	LC461897	LC461898	LC461899	LC461900
94	Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst	Plantaginaceae	V	–	CU-MN 20170126	FPSCU	LC214982	LC214984	LC214987	LC214981
95	Morus alba L	Moraceae	V	2021	FPSCU SS-101	HPMSHG	LC461901	LC461902	LC461903	LC461904
96	Sapindus rarak DC	Sapindaceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-142	FPSCU	LC461905	LC461906	LC461907	LC461908
97	Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb	Apocynaceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-081	HPMSHG	LC456394	LC456395	LC456396	LC456397
98	Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC	Asteraceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-139	FPSCU	LC461909	LC461910	LC461911	LC461912
99	Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch	Poaceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-096	HPMSHG	LC461913	LC461914	LC461915	LC461916
100	Ventilago denticulata Willd	Rhamnaceae	V	–	FPSCU SS-085	HPMSHG	LC461917	LC461918	LC461919	LC461920
101	Momordica charantia L	Cucurbitaceae	-	2021	FPSCU SS-124	FPSCU	LC461945	LC461946	LC461947	LC461948

THP Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia, TMM Thai Materia Medica, FPSCU Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, HPMSHG HRH Princess Mahachakri Sirindhorn Herbal Garden, Rayong, QSBG Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, Chiang Mai.

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Table 1 List of medicinal plants used in this study and their detailed information.

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