Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the study population according to obesity class (n = 1362).

From: Metabolic risk assessment in children and adolescents using the tri-ponderal mass index

Male participants

 

Overweight

Class I obesity

Class II obesity

Class III obesity

P

(n = 505)

(n = 141)

(n = 56)

(n = 27)

Age (years)

14.14 ± 2.50

14.34 ± 2.36

14.79 ± 2.61

14.69 ± 2.06

0.202

Height SDS

0.32 ± 1.07

0.38 ± 0.98

0.11 ± 1.09

− 0.11 ± 1.14

0.079

Weight SDS

1.50 ± 0.79

2.21 ± 0.78a

2.61 ± 0.86b,c

3.13 ± 0.91d,e,f

 < 0.001

WC SDS

1.11 ± 0.54

1.63 ± 0.50a

2.15 ± 0.67b,c

2.69 ± 1.04d,e,f

 < 0.001

BMI SDS

1.69 ± 0.44

2.52 ± 0.43a

3.17 ± 0.54b,c

3.92 ± 0.57d,e,f

 < 0.001

TMI SDS

1.30 ± 0.17

1.78 ± 0.09a

2.11 ± 0.10b,c

2.53 ± 0.16d,e,f

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

113.56 ± 9.95

115.69 ± 10.91

119.27 ± 12.91b

120.81 ± 11.67d

0.002

DBP (mmHg)

67.84 ± 9.45

69.91 ± 9.65

71.39 ± 10.04

72.33 ± 10.99

0.016

Glucose (mg/dL)

92.10 ± 7.54

92.62 ± 6.43

92.48 ± 7.47

94.63 ± 7.74

0.336

T-C (mg/dL)

167.09 ± 29.51

169.88 ± 33.76

176.71 ± 27.74

177.22 ± 28.44

0.052

TG (mg/dL)

105.30 ± 56.05

117.24 ± 61.13

117.73 ± 70.03

132.33 ± 62.45

0.017

HDL-C (mg/dL)

45.76 ± 8.59

44.48 ± 8.26

43.02 ± 7.35

41.99 ± 6.56

0.012

LDL-C (mg/dL)

100.27 ± 26.31

101.95 ± 29.05

110.15 ± 27.21

108.77 ± 25.12

0.032

Female participants

 

(n = 410)

(n = 118)

(n = 61)

(n = 44)

 

Age (years)

14.18 ± 2.51

14.33 ± 2.54

14.43 ± 2.87

15.39 ± 2.12d

0.026

Height SDS

0.14 ± 1.03

− 0.02 ± 1.14

− 0.27 ± 1.42b

0.14 ± 1.41

0.042

Weight SDS

1.30 ± 0.73

1.75 ± 0.71a

2.00 ± 0.99b

3.13 ± 0.82d,e,f

 < 0.001

WC SDS

0.92 ± 0.65

1.47 ± 0.61a

1.75 ± 0.97b

2.87 ± 1.18d,e,f

 < 0.001

BMI SDS

1.49 ± 0.43

2.13 ± 0.37a

2.60 ± 0.53b,c

3.73 ± 0.56d,e,f

 < 0.001

TMI SDS

1.32 ± 0.18

1.78 ± 0.09a

2.12 ± 0.09b,c

2.61 ± 0.32d,e,f

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

107.03 ± 9.26

107.14 ± 11.23

111.36 ± 9.55b,c

114.80 ± 11.09d,e

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

65.98 ± 7.94

66.31 ± 8.81

69.87 ± 8.35b,c

72.34 ± 9.78d,e

 < 0.001

Glucose (mg/dL)

90.13 ± 6.78

93.92 ± 25.94a

92.18 ± 10.57

94.59 ± 10.55

0.013

T-C (mg/dL)

168.46 ± 27.28

171.90 ± 26.45

169.51 ± 30.85

170.95 ± 28.84

0.663

TG (mg/dL)

104.84 ± 51.88

119.28 ± 62.92

110.75 ± 57.06

123.09 ± 59.57

0.026

HDL-C (mg/dL)

48.17 ± 8.67

46.56 ± 8.17

46.26 ± 9.16

42.31 ± 8.38d,e

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

99.31 ± 23.93

101.48 ± 23.11

101.10 ± 28.08

104.03 ± 24.62

0.561

  1. Data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (SD).
  2. SDS standard deviation score, WC waist circumference, BMI body mass index, TMI tri-ponderal mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, T-C total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  3. Class I obesity was defined as a TMI ≥ 95th percentile and < 120% of 95th percentile TMI.
  4. Class II obesity was defined as a TMI ≥ 120% of the 95th percentile and < 140% of the 95th percentile TMI.
  5. Class III obesity was defined as a TMI ≥ 140% of the 95th percentile of TMI.
  6. Statistical significance (P-value) was determined using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) according to sex.
  7. a: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between overweight and Class I obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
  8. b: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between overweight and Class II obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
  9. c: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between Class I obesity and Class II obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
  10. d: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between overweight and Class III obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
  11. e: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between Class I obesity and Class III obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
  12. f: Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA between Class II obesity and Class III obesity with Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis.
Back to article page