Figure 4
From: Muscle coordination retraining inspired by musculoskeletal simulations reduces knee contact force
Changes in muscle activity and ankle mechanics following coordination retraining. (a) The mean (bar), and standard deviation (error bar) of changes in muscle activation measured with electromyography (n = 10). Participants reduced their gastrocnemius-to-soleus activation ratio and average gastrocnemius (gastroc) activation during training. They retained these reductions following the retention trial (*p < 0.05, paired t test, p-values reported after controlling for the false detection rate). (b–e) The mean (line) and standard deviation (shading) of ankle plantarflexor muscle activity and ankle mechanics for the baseline (base.) and retention (ret.) trials. Despite the 25 ± 15% change in activation ratio from the baseline to retention trial, the stance-phase-averaged ankle moment only changed by 3 ± 14%, which trended towards being equivalent to baseline within one baseline standard deviation (p = 0.063, two-one-sided t tests for equivalence, n = 10).
