Table 4 Sensitivity analysis of association between depression (DEP) and osteoporosis (OST) in women.

From: Sex-specific bi‑directional association between osteoporosis and depression from the national representative data of South Korea

 

Group n (%)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

DEP → OST

Premenopause (n = 7495)

Without depression

7,193 (95.97)

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

With depression

302 (4.03)

0.88

(0.21–3.65)

0.78

(0.18–3.29)

0.85

(0.20–3.61)

0.83

(0.19–3.55)

Postmenopause (n = 8445)

Without depression

7,841 (92.85)

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

With depression

604 (7.15)

1.03

(0.85–1.26)

1.01

(0.82–1.23)

1.01

(0.82–1.23)

1.01

(0.82–1.23)

OST → DEP

Premenopause (n = 7496)

Without osteoporosis

7,443 (99.29)

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

With osteoporosis

53 (0.71)

1.30

(0.40–4.20)

1.10

(0.33–3.63)

1.36

(0.41–4.47)

1.33

(0.40–4.40)

Postmenopause (n = 8396)

Without osteoporosis

6,339 (75.50)

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

(ref)

 

With osteoporosis

2,057 (24.50)

0.68

(0.55–0.86)

0.66

(0.53–0.83)

0.66

(0.53–0.83)

0.66

(0.53–0.83)

  1. Model 1: adjusted age; Model 2: Model 1 + adjusted education level, family income and marital status; Model 3: Model 2 + smoking cigarette, binge drinking alcohol and physical activity; Model 4: Model 3 + comorbid medical conditions and body mass index.
  2. Comorbidity included diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid diseases, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer.