Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Exploration of serum biomarkers in dogs with malignant melanoma receiving anti-PD-L1 therapy and potential of COX-2 inhibition for combination therapy

Figure 3

PGE2 is a potential immunosuppressive factor in canine cancer. (a) COX2 mRNA expression in canine cancer cell lines. Total RNA was extracted from each cancer cell line and COX2 mRNA expression was measured by RT-qPCR. HPRT1 expression was used as an internal control. The mean values of triplicate measurement are shown. Error bars indicate the standard deviation (SD). (b) Plasma PGE2 concentration in dogs with tumors. Plasma samples were collected from healthy (n = 8) and tumor-bearing dogs (n = 21). Red bars indicate the median values. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test. (c,d) Suppression of cytokine production from canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) by PGE2. Canine PBMCs were cultured for 3 d with or without 2.5 μM PGE2, and concentrations of (c) IL-2 (n = 7) and (d) IFN-γ (n = 15) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. Red bars indicate the median values. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

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