Figure 3
From: Curcumin and metformin synergistically modulate peripheral and central immune mechanisms of pain
Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin and metformin alone and in combination on peripheral and central immune cells. (A,B) Dose–response curves of NO inhibitory effect of curcumin and metformin alone or in combination on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage (A) and BV-2 microglial (B) cells. (C,D) Fraction affected (Fa)-combination index (CI) plot for the combined effect of curcumin and metformin on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 (C) and BV-2 (D) cells. Generally, CI < 1, CI = 1, and CI > 1 indicate synergistic, additive, and antagonistic interaction, respectively. (E,F) Normalized isobologram for the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin and metformin on RAW 264.7 macrophage (E) and BV-2 microglial (F) cells. Experimental data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 independent experiments.
