Table 3 Statistical distribution and the result of Mann Whitney U-test.

From: Phonemes based detection of parkinson’s disease for telehealth applications

Parameters

Phoneme

Mean ± SD

p-value

Effect Size

Parameters

Phoneme

Mean ± SD

p-value

Effect size

Control

PD

Control

PD

Intensity (SD)

a

1.62 ± 0.85

1.95 ± 1.25

0.051

− 0.387

F1(SD)

a

4.87E+1 ± 4.93E+1

7.41E+1 ± 8.22E+1

0.000

− 0.515

e

1.66 ± 1.03

2.21 ± 1.35

0.000

− 0.528

e

2.87E+1 ± 5.03E+1

3.20E+1 ± 3.66E+1

0.001

− 0.065

i

1.84 ± 1.03

2.25 ± 1.36

0.018

− 0.394

i

4.08E+1 ± 1.16E+2

5.48E+1 ± 1.26E+2

0.001

− 0.120

o

1.79 ± 1.01

2.15 ± 1.26

0.020

− 0.353

o

4.29E+1 ± 3.57E+1

4.87E+1 ± 3.63E+1

0.018

− 0.163

u

1.69 ± 1.05

2.35 ± 1.40

0.000

− 0.633

u

4.83E+1 ± 3.92E+1

5.13E+1 ± 4.23E+1

0.412

− 0.078

Intensity (range)

a

6.12 ± 3.11

7.34 ± 4.37

0.039

− 0.392

F2(SD)

a

7.89E+1 ± 9.20E+1

1.16E+2 ± 1.44E+2

0.005

− 0.403

e

6.28 ± 3.63

8.09 ± 4.50

0.000

− 0.498

e

5.73E+1 ± 5.03E+1

7.73E+1 ± 6.75E+1

0.000

− 0.397

i

6.62 ± 3.37

8.22 ± 4.56

0.004

− 0.473

i

6.93E+1 ± 8.55E+1

1.04E+2 ± 1.21E+2

0.000

− 0.411

o

6.70 ± 3.65

7.95 ± 4.33

0.010

− 0.343

o

1.77E+2 ± 2.76E+2

1.84E+2 ± 2.50E+2

0.002

− 0.023

u

6.28 ± 3.45

8.41 ± 4.60

0.000

− 0.615

u

2.91E+2 ± 3.24E+2

2.63E+2 ± 2.98E+2

0.789

0.086

Jitter (abs)

a

4.09E−5 ± 3.32E−5

5.70E−5 ± 5.10E−5

0.005

− 0.485

F3(SD)

a

1.09E+2 ± 1.18E+2

1.35E+2 ± 1.22E+2

0.029

− 0.221

e

3.56E−5 ± 2.96E−5

4.81E−5 ± 3.93E−5

0.001

− 0.424

e

8.97E+1 ± 7.35E+1

1.14E+2 ± 9.06E+1

0.002

− 0.325

i

3.54E−5 ± 2.98E−5

4.46E−5 ± 4.20E−5

0.037

− 0.308

i

1.12E+2 ± 7.80E+1

1.38E+2 ± 9.85E+1

0.017

− 0.334

o

3.70E−5 ± 3.83E−5

4.82E−5 ± 5.30E−5

0.100

− 0.292

o

1.21E+2 ± 1.38E+2

1.20E+2 ± 1.04E+2

0.030

0.008

u

2.90E−5 ± 2.02E−5

4.35E−5 ± 4.31E−5

0.005

− 0.716

u

1.87E+2 ± 1.74E+2

1.80E+2 ± 1.68E+2

0.812

0.041

Jitter (rel)

a

5.84E−3 ± 3.55E−3

8.62E−3 ± 7.11E−3

0.002

− 0.782

F4(SD)

a

1.66E+2 ± 1.48E+2

1.84E+2 ± 1.47E+2

0.308

− 0.119

e

5.07E−3 ± 3.21E−3

7.69E−3 ± 6.28E−3

0.000

− 0.815

e

1.91E+2 ± 1.72E+2

1.73E+2 ± 1.50E+2

0.581

0.105

i

5.27E−3 ± 3.18E−3

7.31E−3 ± 6.51E−3

0.006

− 0.641

i

1.71E+2 ± 1.59E+2

1.61E+2 ± 1.32E+2

0.828

0.064

o

5.30E−3 ± 4.21E−3

7.53E−3 ± 7.68E−3

0.011

− 0.530

o

1.64E+2 ± 1.69E+2

1.60E+2 ± 1.30E+2

0.194

0.027

u

4.60E−3 ± 2.43E−3

7.25E−3 ± 6.46E−3

0.000

− 1.094

u

2.37E+2 ± 2.13E+2

2.07E+2 ± 1.66E+2

0.733

0.143

Shimmer (abs)

a

4.72E−1 ± 2.33E−1

6.11E−1 ± 3.07E−1

0.000

− 0.596

VTL(F1)

a

10.73 ± 1.75

11.11 ± 1.88

0.101

− 0.216

e

4.45E−1 ± 2.07E−1

5.77E−1 ± 2.71E−1

0.000

− 0.638

e

17.59 ± 2.43

17.97 ± 2.48

0.291

− 0.157

i

4.30E−1 ± 2.06E−1

5.19E−1 ± 2.43E−1

0.000

− 0.436

i

23.66 ± 4.68

23.98 ± 4.56

0.436

− 0.068

o

4.02E−1 ± 1.84E−1

5.45E−1 ± 3.20E−1

0.000

− 0.772

o

16.27 ± 2.20

16.57 ± 2.75

0.447

− 0.140

u

3.86E−1 ± 2.05E−1

5.24E−1 ± 2.87E−1

0.000

− 0.671

u

19.92 ± 3.28

20.90 ± 4.02

0.090

− 0.300

Shimmer (rel)

a

4.93E−2 ± 2.55E−2

6.47E−2 ± 3.44E−2

0.000

− 0.606

VTL(F2)

a

18.82 ± 2.40

18.01 ± 2.77

0.001

0.337

e

4.58E−2 ± 2.21E−2

5.91E−2 ± 3.03E−2

0.000

− 0.601

e

12.04 ± 1.22

12.05 ± 1.55

0.817

− 0.005

i

4.39E−2 ± 2.20E−2

5.28E−2 ± 2.74E−2

0.001

− 0.407

i

10.80 ± 1.05

11.15 ± 1.43

0.088

− 0.336

o

4.03E−2 ± 1.95E−2

5.51E−2 ± 3.60E−2

0.000

− 0.759

o

26.76 ± 5.18

25.42 ± 5.33

0.030

0.258

u

3.88E−2 ± 2.06E−2

5.26E−2 ± 3.28E−2

0.000

− 0.672

u

27.25 ± 8.78

25.91 ± 8.55

0.059

0.153

Pitch(SD)

a

8.56E+0 ± 9.51E+0

1.30E+1 ± 1.58E+1

0.076

− 0.470

VTL(F3)

a

15.89 ± 1.27

15.51 ± 1.43

0.024

0.293

e

8.59E+0 ± 1.38E+1

1.67E+1 ± 2.39E+1

0.000

− 0.590

e

15.74 ± 1.23

15.48 ± 1.37

0.043

0.209

i

8.54E+0 ± 1.10E+1

1.24E+1 ± 1.49E+1

0.045

− 0.346

i

14.56 ± 1.13

14.22 ± 1.16

0.002

0.299

o

1.07E+1 ± 1.48E+1

1.59E+1 ± 2.30E+1

0.035

− 0.350

o

15.45 ± 1.43

15.29 ± 1.62

0.376

0.117

u

8.74E+0 ± 1.09E+1

1.29E+1 ± 1.52E+1

0.003

− 0.386

u

14.91 ± 1.45

15.06 ± 1.61

0.430

− 0.102

HNR

a

1.89E+1 ± 4.01E+0

1.64E+1 ± 4.77E+0

0.000

0.643

VTL(F4)

a

16.08 ± 1.45

16.15 ± 1.30

0.379

− 0.053

e

1.98E+1 ± 3.96E+0

1.78E+1 ± 4.73E+0

0.000

0.493

e

16.07 ± 1.59

15.93 ± 1.48

0.535

0.085

i

2.10E+1 ± 4.23E+0

1.99E+1 ± 4.71E+0

0.070

0.257

i

15.76 ± 1.47

15.46 ± 1.51

0.017

0.205

o

2.41E+1 ± 4.19E+0

2.18E+1 ± 5.33E+0

0.000

0.553

o

15.95 ± 1.27

15.74 ± 1.28

0.128

0.163

u

2.62E+1 ± 4.42E+0

2.39E+1 ± 5.04E+0

0.000

0.524

u

15.24 ± 1.30

15.16 ± 1.45

0.467

0.062

NHR

a

5.11E−2 ± 4.32E−2

8.66E−2 ± 8.37E−2

0.000

− 0.823

      

e

3.69E−2 ± 3.00E−2

6.50E−2 ± 6.83E−2

0.000

− 0.937

      

i

3.12E−2 ± 2.92E−2

4.53E−2 ± 4.55E−2

0.007

− 0.486

      

o

3.02E−2 ± 3.19E−2

4.74E−2 ± 6.60E−2

0.015

− 0.541

      

u

1.80E−2 ± 1.97E−2

3.17E−2 ± 4.56E−2

0.002

− 0.697

      
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