Figure 5

Effects of luseogliflozin on the metabolite concentrations in the pancreatic islets of 10-week-old db/db mice. (A) Metabolites involved in glycolysis in pancreatic islets from the control (n = 4) and luseo (n = 5) groups. (B) Metabolites involved in the TCA cycle in pancreatic islets from the control (n = 4) and luseo (n = 5) groups. (C) Concentrations of ATP, NADPH, NADP⁺, and glutamate in pancreatic islets from the control (n = 4) and luseo (n = 5) groups. (D) Metabolites involved in the pentose phosphate pathway in pancreatic islets from the control (n = 4) and luseo (n = 5) groups. (E) Metabolites involved in glutathione metabolism in pancreatic islets from the control (n = 4) and luseo (n = 5) groups. Values are mean ± SD. P values were determined using Student’s t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. n.d., not detected; n.s.; not significant, GSH; reduced glutathione, GSSG; oxidized glutathione.