Figure 3
From: Heart age estimated using explainable advanced electrocardiography
Example of the transparency and explainability of the Heart Age from two subjects with equal chronological age but different Heart Ages, illustrated by a commensurately aged female heart, but a disproportionately aged male heart. The ECG measures for each of the two patients are shown in the table in the middle of the figure, presented in the order of the relative strength (strongest first, based on t ratio [not shown]) of contribution to the Heart Age. Notably, P-wave duration is markedly different between these two patients, and heart rate is higher for the male than the female, helping drive the Heart Age higher in the male. The R-wave amplitude in lead Y is also much larger in the female, and the difference between the spatial ventricular gradient and the spatial mean QRS in the female is also larger, likely due to preserved T-wave amplitudes, contributing to her relatively younger Heart Age. Furthermore, possibly due to ischemic myocardial injuries, T-wave complexity is increased in the male, suggesting that increased myocardial repolarisation heterogeneity also contributes to driving Heart Age higher in the male, in spite of his shorter QT interval.
