Table 1 Demographic, selected medical and laboratory characteristics of study participants (n = 9932).
From: Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with opium consumption in the Rafsanjan cohort study
Characteristics | All (n = 9932) | Non-dyslipidemia (n = 2649) | Dyslipidemia (n = 7283) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age—yr—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
35–45 | 3695 (37.20) | 1282 (48.40) | 2413 (33.13) | |
46–55 | 3055 (30.56) | 741 (27.97) | 2314 (31.77) | |
≥ 56 | 3182 (32.04) | 626 (23.63) | 2556 (35.10) | |
Mean ± SD | 49.94 ± 9.56 | 47.04 ± 9.68 | 50.46 ± 9.45 | < 0.001 |
Gender—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Female | 5307 (53.43) | 1294 (48.85) | 4013 (55.10) | |
Male | 4625 (46.57) | 1355 (51.15) | 3270 (44.90) | |
Education—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
≤ 5 years | 3478 (35.05) | 784 (29.62) | 2694 (37.02) | |
6–12 years | 4811 (48.48) | 1385 (52.32) | 3426 (47.08) | |
≥ 13 years | 1635 (16.48) | 478 (18.06) | 1157 (15.90) | |
Physical activity—no (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low | 2540 (25.57) | 571 (21.56) | 1969 (27.04) | |
Moderate | 4912 (49.46) | 1239 (46.77) | 3673 (50.43) | |
Heavy | 2480 (24.97) | 839 (31.67) | 1641 (22.53) | |
Mean ± SD | 38.77 ± 6.35 | 40.01 ± 7.28 | 38.55 ± 6.14 | < 0.001 |
BMI—no. (%) | ||||
< 25 | 2862 (28.84) | 1199 (45.31) | 1663 (22.85) | |
25–29.9 | 4069 (41.00) | 925 (34.96) | 3144 (43.19) | |
≥ 30 | 2994 (30.17) | 522 (19.73) | 2472 (33.96) | |
Mean ± SD | 27.83 ± 4.92 | 25.64 ± 5.02 | 28.21 ± 4.81 | < 0.001 |
Wealth score index—no (%) | 0.072 | |||
Low | 2321 (23.39) | 646 (24.42) | 1675 (23.02) | |
Low-middle | 2848 (28.71 | 708 (26.77) | 2140 (29.41) | |
Middle-high | 3980 (40.12) | 1082 (40.91) | 2898 (39.83) | |
High | 772 (7.78) | 209 (7.90) | 563 (7.74) | |
Marital status—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Single | 780 (7.85) | 160 (6.04) | 620 (8.51) | |
Married | 9152 (92.15) | 2489 (93.96) | 6663 (91.49) | |
Alcohol consumption—no. (%) | 0.029 | |||
Yes | 985 (9.99) | 291 (11.08) | 694 (9.59) | |
No | 8878 (90.01) | 2335 (88.92) | 6543 (90.41) | |
Cigarette smoking—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Current | 1667 (16.90) | 533 (20.30) | 1134 (15.67) | |
Former | 862 (8.74) | 220 (8.38) | 642 (8.87) | |
Never | 7334 (74.36) | 1873 (71.33) | 5461 (75.46) | |
Opium consumption—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2324 (23.56) | 696 (26.50) | 1628 (22.50) | |
No | 7539 (76.44) | 1930 (73.50) | 5609 (77.50) | |
Route of opium consumption—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Non-user | 7596 (76.48) | 1947 (73.50) | 5649 (77.56) | |
Smoking | 191 (1.92) | 71 (2.68) | 120 (1.65) | |
Oral | 2145 (21.60) | 631 (23.82) | 1514 (20.79) | |
Duration of opium consumption—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Non-user | 7627 (76.79) | 1962 (74.07) | 5665 (77.78) | |
Users | ||||
≤ mean | 1255 (12.64) | 348 (13.14) | 907 (12.45) | |
> mean | 1050 (10.57) | 339 (12.80) | 711 (9.76) | |
Dose of opium consumption—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Non-user | 7627 (76.79) | 1962 (74.07) | 5665 (77.78) | |
Users | ||||
≤ mean | 1392 (14.02) | 382 (14.42) | 1010 (13.87) | |
> mean | 913 (9.19) | 305 (11.51) | 608 (8.35) | |
Hypertension—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2231 (22.57) | 324 (12.30) | 1907 (26.31) | |
No | 7652 (77.43) | 2311 (87.70) | 5341 (73.69) | |
Diabetes—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2858 (28.93) | 448 (17.01) | 2410 (33.26) | |
No | 7021 (71.07) | 2185 (82.99) | 4836 (66.74) | |
Renal failure—no. (%) | 0.048 | |||
Yes | 9829 (99.45) | 8 (0.30) | 46 (0.63) | |
No | 54 (0.55) | 2627 (99.70) | 7202 (99.37) | |
Hepatitis—no. (%) | 0.052 | |||
Yes | 28 (0.28) | 12 (0.46) | 16 (0.22) | |
No | 9855 (99.72) | 2623 (99.54) | 7232 (99.78) | |
CVD history—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 1025 (10.37) | 134 (5.09) | 891 (12.29) | |
No | 8858 (89.63) | 2501 (94.91) | 6357 (87.71) | |
Fatty liver—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 1008 (10.20 | 168 (6.38) | 840 (11.59) | |
No | 8875 (89.80) | 2467 (93.62) | 6408 (88.41) | |
Taking hepatotoxic drugs—no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2378 (24.06) | 266 (10.09) | 2112 (29.14) | |
No | 7505 (75.94) | 2369 (89.91) | 5136 (70.86) | |
Total fat intake—no. (%) | 0.001 | |||
≤ mean | 5720 (57.88) | 1453 (55.04) | 4267 (58.91) | |
> mean | 4163 (42.12) | 1187 (44.96) | 2976 (41.09) | |
Mean ± SD | 55.70 ± 23.65 | 57.36 ± 24.18 | 55.10 ± 23.43 | 0.001 |
Cholesterol | < 0.001 | |||
Mean ± SD | 198.66 ± 38.07 | 162.84 ± 17.32 | 205.02 ± 37.22 | |
Triglycerides | < 0.001 | |||
Median (interquartile range) | 145 (106–199) | 100 (80–122) | 170 (129–225) | |
HDL cholesterol | < 0.001 | |||
Mean ± SD | 57.75 ± 10.88 | 59.59 ± 9.99 | 57.42 ± 11.00 | |
LDL cholesterol | < 0.001 | |||
Mean ± SD | 108.18 ± 30.31 | 83.68 ± 12.41 | 112.54 ± 30.48 |
