Figure 8

Energy levels of the bond composition between the metal 3d orbitals and the oxygen 2p orbitals are based on the reference level as the vacuum level in the M@Ce12O836+ cluster model (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ce). The bond composition between the metal 5d orbitals and the oxygen 2p orbitals are in the undoped ceria. The bonding and antibonding orbital components are on the right and left sides, respectively.