Figure 6

Study 2: Assessing changes in surface marker expression from VD3-stimulated macrophages allows differences to be seen between liposome formulations. Liposomes at 20 μg/ml were incubated with VD3-stimulated macrophages at a final cell density of 1 × 106/ml for 24 h. After incubation with PE-conjugated antibodies, analysis of the co-culture was conducted using flow cytometry to determine the percentage of the cell population to express surface markers. Macrophages not exposed to liposomes were used to set the negative and positive discriminator for each surface marker to allow for the effect different liposome formulations had on macrophage surface marker expression to be highlighted. Results shown for n = 4 ± SEM with significant results *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001 from One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.