Figure 1
From: South American precipitation dipole forced by interhemispheric temperature gradient
Geographic region of interest for this study and modern climatological precipitation. (a) Location of the hydroclimate records (red and yellow circles) discussed herein and June–August (JJA) average precipitation (color shading)40. (b) Same as (a) but for March–May (MAM) average precipitation. White dashed band in panels (a) and (b) represents the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during JJA and MAM, respectively. Red and black area in panels (a) and (b) represent the location of the Parnaíba River drainage basin and Amazon Basin, respectively. The location of marine sediment core GL-1248 (this study) is marked with a red circle. The yellow circles mark the location of the flowing hydroclimate records: marine sediment cores MD03-2621 (Cariaco Basin)28, GeoB16224-1 (off Amazon Basin)33, GeoB16206-1 (off Parnaíba River drainage basin)21, M125-55-7 (off Doce River drainage basin)31; and speleothems records from Diamante5, Jaraguá30, Paraíso14, Rio Grande do Norte6 and Botuverá29 caves.
