Table 3 Changes in immunity-related proteins in saliva during 6 weeks of HT activity.

From: Horticulture therapy affected the mental status, sleep quality, and salivary markers of mucosal immunity in an elderly population

 

Week 1

Week 3

Week 6

IgA (µg/ml)

101.54 ± 83.83

286.86 ± 376.56a

612.95 ± 531.33aaa,b

Lactoferrin (µg/ml)

33.29 ± 35.41

41.15 ± 51.49

46.99 ± 64.35

TP (mg/ml)

3.42 ± 1.43

2.91 ± 1.11

3.49 ± 1.99

IgA/TP (µg/mg)

34.36 ± 26.83

100.12 ± 110.43a

202.25 ± 161.32aaa,b

Lactoferrin/TP (µg/mg)

7.28 ± 6.55

11.90 ± 14.94

13.33 ± 14.75a

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
  2. TP, total protein expressed as bovine serum albumin level.
  3. ap < 0.05, aaap < 0.001 compared to Week 1.
  4. bp < 0.05 compared to Week 3.
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