Figure 1

Catalytic site of PcPAL, with key residues from the hydrophobic substrate-binding region marked based on their proximity2 to the differently positioned (ortho-blue, meta-orange and para-green) aromatic substituents of the substrates and the homologue active site residues in RtPAL (P11544) and AtPAL (P45724) based on sequence alignments with PcPAL (P24481) (right Table) with colour-marked residues subjected to mutagenesis, generating the focused PAL variant-library (bottom Table).