Figure 1
From: Odor cueing during sleep improves consolidation of a history lesson in a school setting
(a) The history lesson was presented by their teacher, using a PowerPoint presentation on a projector screen. Each slide was shown for 1.5 min as she commented on them orally (day 1). Short-term testing: Students made an evaluation consisting of 13 multiple-choice questions with four possible answers and one correct answer; they had no time limit to answer them and all the right answers had been previously presented on the slides during the training. Night 1: Reactivation: At home, half of the volunteers used dispensers containing the congruent odor A (coconut), whereas the other half used dispensers containing the incongruent odor B (violets) (depending on which group they were assigned to) at the time they went to sleep for 1.5 h. The odor was sprayed every 15 min. Day 8: Long-term testing: Students made another evaluation consisting of 13 multiple-choice questions with four possible answers and one correct answer; they had no time limit to answer them and all the right answers had been previously presented on the slides during the training on day 1. (b) Mean percentage of correct answers at testing sessions on days 1 and 8 ± SEM for the TMR and No-TMR groups. (c) Mean memory change ± SEM for the TMR and No-TMR groups. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001. Icons made by Freepik.
