Table 6 Equations of adsorption kinetic models for naproxen adsorption on ZrO2/TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite.

From: Photocatalytic activity of ZrO2/TiO2/Fe3O4 ternary nanocomposite for the degradation of naproxen: characterization and optimization using response surface methodology

Model

Equation

Parameter

References

Elovich

qt = (1/β)(Ln(αβ)) + (1/β)Ln(t)

R2

0.9202

107,108,109

α

67.378

β

0.313

Weber and Moris

qt = C + Kint(t)1/2

R2

0.9377

107,108,109,110

Kint

1.984

C

10.57

Pseudo 2nd order (McKay-Ho)

(t/qt) = 1/(K2.qe2) + (1/qe).t

R2

0.9814

111,112

K2

0.013

Calculated qe

26.4

Experimental qe

25.7

Pseudo 1st order (Lagergeren)

Log(qe − qt) = Log qe − (K1/2.303).t

R2

0.9891

111,113

K1

0.085

Calculated qe

17.12

  1. qe: the amount of adsorbed NPX by ZrO2/TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (mg/g) [at equilibrium].
  2. qt: the amount of adsorbed NPX by ZrO2/TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (mg/g) [at determined time interval t].
  3. K1: rate constant of pseudo 1st order adsorption process (min−1).
  4. K2: the rate constant of pseudo 2nd order adsorption process (g mg−1 min−1).
  5. α: the initial adsorption rate constant (mg/g min).
  6. β: constant related to surface coverage and the activation energy for chemisorptions (g/mg).
  7. Kint: the intraparticle rate constant (mg/g min1/2).
  8. C: value about the boundary thickness.
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