Table 1 Descriptive of subjects’ demographic, clinical characteristics, dietary patterns, and FGID classification.

From: Disentangling the relationship of gut microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders and autism: a case–control study on prepubertal Chinese boys

 

ASD FGID+

ASD FGID−

TD FGID+

TD FGID−

Statistical comparison

N (%)

M (SD)

N (%)

M (SD)

N (%)

M (SD)

N (%)

M (SD)

Statistics

p

Subjects’ characteristics

Male

30 (100)

–

62 (100)

–

32 (100)

–

80 (100)

–

–

–

Age

–

8.2 (1.846)

–

8.548 (1.375)

–

8.469 (1.759)

–

7.975 (2.068)

F (3, 81.332) = 1.397

0.25

Comorbidity

–

–

ADHD

19 (63.3)

–

31 (50)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

SLD

2 (6.7)

–

3 (4.8)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

AQ–10

–

6.733 (1.818)

–

6.516 (2.014)

–

2.906 (1.304)

–

3.05 (1.066)

F(3, 75.043) = 80.399

< 0.001

SCAS–P

–

27.67 (14.03)

–

22.76 (10.2)

–

17.03 (8.982)

–

15.88 (9.896)

F(3, 80.483) = 9.625

< 0.001

SDQ

–

20.03 (5.067)

–

16.2 (5.075)

–

12.23 (4.193)

–

9.91 (4.109)

F(3, 78.153) = 40.93

< 0.001

Taking psychiatric medication (≥ 1)

14 (46.7)

–

26 (41.9)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

–

–

Methylphenidate or Atomoxetine

14 (46.7)

–

24 (38.7)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

Aripiprazole or Risperidone

5 (16.7)

–

5 (8.1)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

Cyproheptadine

2 (6.7)

–

4 (6.5)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

–

BMI

–

15.67 (3.282)

-

16.73 (4.654)

-

17.56 (5.07)

-

16.96 (4.727)

F(3, 75.7) = 1.176

0.325

Dietary pattern

Unhealthy diet

–

1.467 (0.86)

–

1.565 (1.002)

–

1.531 (1.107)

–

1.212 (1.04)

F(3, 83.983) = 1.6

0.196

Fibre intake

–

0.4 (0.563)

–

0.677 (0.566)

–

0.594 (0.56)

–

0.738 (0.568)

F(3, 82.682) = 2.712

0.05

Main nutrient intake

–

4.433 (1.251)

–

4.452 (1.387)

–

4.375 (1.1)

–

5.05 (1.066)

F(3, 81.377) = 4.824

0.004

FGID classification

FNVD

4 (13.3)

–

–

2 (6.3)

–

–

χ2 = 1.619

0.655

FAPD

15 (50)

–

–

15 (46.9)

–

–

FDD

11 (36.7)

–

–

15 (46.9)

–

–

  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder, TD Typically Developing, FGID Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder, ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, SLD Specific Learning Disorder, AQ-10 Autism Spectrum Quotient 10 items, SCAS-P Spence Children's Anxiety Scale—Parent Version, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire—Parent Version, BMI Body Mass Index, FNVD Functional Nausea and Vomiting Disorders, FAPD Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, FDD Functional Defecation Disorders.
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