Table 3 Electroencephalographic characteristics considered presumptive of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in seven patients.

From: Clinical features, electroencephalogram, and biomarkers in pediatric sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Patient no.

Day

Sedative drugs and dosesa

RASS

NMB

Anticonvulsant

EEG duration (minutes)

Physiological sleep elementsb

Continuous slowing

Intermittent slowing

Predominant rhythm

Periodic epileptiform discharges

TW

3

D6

None

0

No

No

37

N/A, awake

Yes, diffuse

No

Theta

No

No

6

D7

1 (0.3)/2 (3.2)

3 (0.5)/4 (0.05)

−4

No

No

720

1, 2, 3

Yes, diffuse

Yes, parietal, occipital, right

Delta

Yes, frontal, parietal, occipital, right

No

12

D4

3 (0.1)

1

No

No

70

Absent

Yes, diffuse

Yes, central and parietal, right

Delta/Theta

Yes, central, parietal

No

13

D2

None

0

No

No

422

Spindles, bilateral

Yes, diffuse

No

Delta/Theta

No

No

14

D6

1 (0.06)/2 (0.6)

3 (0.09)

−1

No

No

600

Spindles, bilateral

Yes, diffuse

No

Delta/Theta

Yes, frontal

No

15

D3

1 (0.07)

2 (0.78)/3 (0.6)

−3

No

Phenobarbital, phenytoin

364

Spindles, bilateral

Yes, diffuse

Yes, temporal, right

Delta/Theta

No

No

32

D4

1 (0.3)/2 (3.1)

3 (0.14)/4 (0.27)

−5

Yes

No

117

Spindles, right

Yes, diffuse

No

Delta/Theta

Yes, frontal

No

  1. RASS Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, NMB neuromuscular block, EEG electroencephalogram, TW triphasic waves.
  2. a1 Midazolam (mg/kg/h); 2 Fentanyl (µg/kg/h); 3 Dexmedetomidine (µg/kg/h); 4 Ketamine (mg/kg/h).
  3. b1 spindles, 2 vertex sharp-waves, 3 K-complex.