Figure 1
taken from Ficogrande, shows the ash cloud rising above the village of Stromboli; it seems that the most voluminous portion of the cloud sources offshore. Photo (f) captures the ash fingers settling from the cloud. Photo (g) details the lava pouring out from the breached crater rim. Hydromagmatic explosions occured once the lava entered the sea, and a column of steam raised.
Photos (a),(b),(c) and (d) illustrate successive moments of the collapse and related PDC emplacement from the INGV thermal camera located at Punta dei Corvi, the SW side of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF); the arrow indicates the NE craters, and the white dashed line indicates the shoreline. (a) represents the early stage of the collapse, and the cold dust is visible above the SdF, lifted up by the continuous rock falls lasting a few hours. (b) the PDC is visible running down the SdF, propagating offshore above the seawater table (c), and a small accretion fan besides the shoreline. The interaction with the warm PDC and the cold marine water caused hydromagmatic explosions, with flares visible in (c). In (d) the rising ash-cloud can be seen; there is a portion along the SdF that is elutriated from the PDC, and a portion offshore produced by the hydromagmatic explosion triggered after the PDC water interaction (see the high temperature burst in c). (e),
