Figure 7 | Scientific Reports

Figure 7

From: Utilizing novel TBI-on-a-chip device to link physical impacts to neurodegeneration and decipher primary and secondary injury mechanisms

Figure 7

Ethanol exposure post-impact exacerbates acrolein elevation. Ethanol was introduced to demonstrate the system’s capability to easily investigate potential comorbidities. Networks experiencing rapid (5 s) 30 g impacts in single, ×5, or ×10 quantities were exposed to 40 mM EtOH for a duration of 15 min immediately (~ 2 min) following injury (30 g(× 1)EtOH, 30 g(×5)EtOH, and 30 g(×10)EtOH, respectively) and compared with identical, EtOH-absent treatments (30 g(×1), 30 g(×5), and 30 g(×10), respectively). ICC for acrolein-Lys adducts was performed at 24 h post-injury. EtOH significantly increased acrolein levels compared to non-EtOH exposed impact-networks of force and quantity matched impact forces in all cases. Non-impact control networks with and without EtOH (Control and EtOH, respectively) showed no significant differences. Staining intensity is shown as percent control values ± SD (n = 18). One-way ANOVA and subsequent Scheffe post hoc analysis were used to determine significance: *p < 0.01.

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