Table 1 Effect of WSWPE on hematological and blood clotting parameters in rats.

From: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal whole-plant extract demonstrates acceptable non-clinical safety in rat 28-day subacute toxicity evaluation under GLP-compliance

Parameter

28 days treatment (mg/kg/day)

14 days recovery (mg/kg/day)

G1 (0)

G2 (100)

G3 (300)

G4 (1000)

G1R (0)

G4R (1000)

Males

RBC (106/µL)

7.60 ± 0.05

7.74 ± 0.12

6.50 ± 1.64

7.67 ± 0.24

8.18 ± 0.41

6.73 ± 1.15#

HGB (g/dL)

13.40 ± 0.00

13.42 ± 0.22

12.60 ± 2.64

13.64 ± 0.48

13.96 ± 0.64

11.90 ± 2.14

HCT (%)

41.38 ± 0.31

42.04 ± 0.28

38.30 ± 6.82

42.08 ± 1.87

43.48 ± 2.35

39.42 ± 2.18#

MCV (fL)

54.46 ± 0.09

54.34 ± 0.62

60.00 ± 5.41*

54.84 ± 0.71

53.14 ± 0.92

59.94 ± 11.08

MCH (pg)

17.64 ± 0.13

17.36 ± 0.53

19.62 ± 1.42

17.78 ± 0.13

17.08 ± 0.54

17.66 ± 0.55

MCHC (g/dL)

32.36 ± 0.26

31.92 ± 0.63

32.78 ± 1.39

32.42 ± 0.39

32.12 ± 0.82

30.20 ± 5.09

PLT (103/µL)

747.00 ± 15.92

762.80 ± 151.91

534.60 ± 112.18*

696.60 ± 35.18

851.40 ± 212.34

833.20 ± 78.71

RET (%)

1.12 ± 0.23

1.08 ± 0.23

1.08 ± 0.30

1.00 ± 0.20

1.08 ± 0.23

1.04 ± 0.26

WBC (103/µL)

13.38 ± 0.16

12.36 ± 0.21

17.52 ± 2.44*

13.00 ± 1.12

18.00 ± 3.57

16.50 ± 4.37

NEU (%)

25.80 ± 2.39

26.40 ± 2.51

26.00 ± 1.87

26.00 ± 1.58

27.20 ± 1.92

26.60 ± 2.07

LYM (%)

72.20 ± 2.28

71.80 ± 1.92

72.40 ± 2.07

72.20 ± 2.28

71.00 ± 1.58

71.60 ± 1.95

MONO (%)

1.20 ± 0.84

0.60 ± 0.55

0.60 ± 0.89

0.80 ± 0.84

0.60 ± 0.55

0.80 ± 0.84

EOS (%)

0.60 ± 0.89

1.00 ± 0.71

1.00 ± 0.71

0.80 ± 0.84

1.20 ± 0.84

0.80 ± 0.84

BASO (%)

0.20 ± 0.45

0.20 ± 0.45

0.00 ± 0.00

0.20 ± 0.45

0.00 ± 0.00

0.20 ± 0.45

PT (sec)

19.29 ± 2.95

16.15 ± 0.89

18.90 ± 1.43

14.50 ± 1.99*

16.26 ± 3.13

16.03 ± 1.85

APTT (sec)

20.90 ± 4.83

20.58 ± 3.25

18.76 ± 2.70

20.48 ± 1.11

19.99 ± 2.41

20.69 ± 1.80

Females

RBC (106/µL)

6.20 ± 0.95

6.70 ± 0.84

6.02 ± 0.02

5.91 ± 0.12

7.31 ± 0.58

7.97 ± 0.38

HGB (g/dL)

11.94 ± 1.15

12.80 ± 1.73

11.68 ± 0.04

11.22 ± 0.22

13.20 ± 1.31

13.98 ± 0.49

HCT (%)

38.02 ± 2.51

37.82 ± 5.50

45.12 ± 0.34*

41.52 ± 0.76

40.22 ± 2.30

42.56 ± 2.47

MCV (fL)

61.94 ± 5.35

56.38 ± 1.18*

75.00 ± 0.38*

70.24 ± 0.15*

55.44 ± 2.14

53.36 ± 0.75

MCH (pg)

19.42 ± 1.69

19.10 ± 0.31

19.42 ± 0.11

18.98 ± 0.25

18.16 ± 0.83

17.54 ± 0.34

MCHC (g/dL)

31.38 ± 1.31

33.90 ± 0.51*

25.90 ± 0.19*

27.04 ± 0.26*

32.76 ± 1.76

32.88 ± 0.86

PLT (103/µL)

798.20 ± 159.93

850.80 ± 67.13

672.60 ± 3.58

550.00 ± 266.23

993.60 ± 203.13

888.80 ± 107.36

RET (%)

1.04 ± 0.17

1.04 ± 0.26

1.08 ± 0.23

1.00 ± 0.14

1.08 ± 0.23

1.04 ± 0.17

WBC (103/µL)

12.04 ± 1.88

13.40 ± 5.39

13.34 ± 0.11

15.20 ± 0.64

14.74 ± 3.95

15.32 ± 2.66

NEU (%)

25.80 ± 2.39

26.40 ± 2.51

26.00 ± 1.87

26.00 ± 1.58

27.20 ± 1.92

26.60 ± 2.07

LYM (%)

72.20 ± 2.28

71.80 ± 1.92

72.40 ± 2.07

72.20 ± 2.28

71.00 ± 1.58

71.60 ± 1.95

MONO (%)

1.20 ± 0.84

0.60 ± 0.55

0.60 ± 0.89

0.80 ± 0.84

0.60 ± 0.55

0.80 ± 0.84

EOS (%)

0.60 ± 0.89

1.00 ± 0.71

1.00 ± 0.71

0.80 ± 0.84

1.20 ± 0.84

0.80 ± 0.84

BASO (%)

0.20 ± 0.45

0.20 ± 0.45

0.00 ± 0.00

0.20 ± 0.45

0.00 ± 0.00

0.20 ± 0.45

PT (sec)

17.79 ± 3.21

18.95 ± 1.05

18.02 ± 0.48

14.07 ± 1.48*

16.75 ± 1.37

18.36 ± 2.31

APTT (sec)

16.91 ± 2.71

18.29 ± 0.34

18.50 ± 1.60

18.53 ± 1.29

18.61 ± 1.95

21.18 ± 1.16#

  1. Data is presented as Mean ± Standard Deviation (n = 5 animals per group per sex). *p < 0.05 vs. G1 (One-Way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc multiple comparison test), #p < 0.05 vs. G1R (Student’s t test).
  2. RBC, red blood cell count; HGB, Hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelet; RET, reticulocyte; WBC, white blood cell count; NEU, neutrophils, LYM, lymphocytes; MONO, monocytes; EOS, eosinophils; BASO, basophils; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time.
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