Table 2 Seasonal habitat selection and movement beta coefficient estimates with lower and upper 95% confidence bounds for the global integrated step selection analysis model in summer (April 1–September 30) and winter (October 1–March 31) in Prince George South, 2018–2020.

From: Cumulative effects of widespread landscape change alter predator–prey dynamics

Season	Covariate	Lower	Median	Upper
Summer	Coniferous	0.074	0.152	0.255
	Deciduous	− 0.059	0.145	0.297
	ln(Edge in)	− 0.146	− 0.127	− 0.114
	ln(Edge out)	− 0.152	− 0.146	− 0.125
	ln(LF distance)	− 0.106	− 0.08	− 0.071
	ln(Water)	− 0.081	− 0.069	− 0.021
	Mixed forest	− 0.036	0.131	0.279
	NDVI	− 0.233	1.217	1.475
	New cut	0.033	0.183	0.675
	New cut:Cut size	− 0.288	− 0.174	− 0.052
	Pine	− 0.042	0.081	0.486
	Regenerating cut	− 0.334	− 0.211	0.285
	Regenerating cut:Cut size	− 0.226	− 0.176	0.036
	LF density	− 0.159	− 0.086	0.034
	ln(SL)	0.325	0.381	0.435
	ln(SL):New cut	− 0.109	− 0.046	0.007
	ln(SL):New cut:Cut size	− 0.008	0.054	0.216
	ln(SL):Regenerating cut	− 0.063	− 0.044	− 0.004
	ln(SL):Regenerating cut:Cut size	− 0.012	0.009	0.051
	ln(SL):LF density	− 0.05	− 0.033	− 0.031
	ln(SL):ln(Distance to LF)	− 0.062	− 0.051	− 0.049
	ln(SL):sin(hour)	− 0.002	0.067	0.081
Winter	Coniferous	− 0.212	− 0.14	0.497
	Deciduous	− 0.061	0.018	0.133
	ln(Edge in)	− 0.106	− 0.064	− 0.026
	ln(Edge out)	− 0.172	− 0.074	− 0.042
	ln(LF distance)	− 0.135	− 0.122	− 0.073
	ln(Water)	− 0.092	− 0.057	− 0.022
	Mixed forest	− 0.113	− 0.089	0.061
	NDVI	0.272	0.365	1.553
	New cut	0.031	0.097	0.14
	New cut:Cut size	− 0.135	0.051	0.091
	Pine	− 0.285	− 0.079	0.147
	Regenerating cut	− 0.131	− 0.031	0.052
	Regenerating cut:Cut size	− 0.204	− 0.08	0.042
	LF density	− 0.063	− 0.027	0.009
	ln(SL)	0.203	0.249	0.261
	ln(SL):New cut	− 0.113	− 0.04	0.024
	ln(SL):New cut:Cut size	− 0.001	0.023	0.1
	ln(SL):Regenerating cut	− 0.037	− 0.012	0.018
	ln(SL):Regenerating cut:Cut size	− 0.013	− 0.01	− 0.003
	ln(SL):LF density	− 0.031	− 0.026	− 0.022
	ln(SL):ln(Distance to LF)	− 0.041	− 0.036	− 0.028
	ln(SL):sin(hour)	− 0.024	0.019	0.046

‘:’ denotes an interaction between covariates. Bolded terms indicate significance (i.e. beta estimates do not overlap 0). ln() = log-transformed covariate.
SL step length, LF linear feature.

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Table 2 Seasonal habitat selection and movement beta coefficient estimates with lower and upper 95% confidence bounds for the global integrated step selection analysis model in summer (April 1–September 30) and winter (October 1–March 31) in Prince George South, 2018–2020.

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