Table 2 Goodness-of-fit of the confirmatory factor analysis models representing the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-8 (DASS-8) and the DASS-12 in the whole sample.

Models	Samples	χ²	p	Df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	RMSEA 90% CI	SRMR
Model 1 1F DASS-8	Crude	154.108	0.001	20	0.869	0.817	0.171	0.146 to 0.198	0.0709
Model 1 1F DASS-8	Correlated error	106.028	0.001	19	0.909	0.866	0.147	0.120 to 174	0.0684
Model 2 3F DASS-8	Crude	51.086	0.001	17	0.964	0.941	0.097	0.067 to 0.128	0.0341
Model 2 3F DASS-8	Correlated error	31.261	0.012	16	0.984	0.972	0.067	0.030 to 0.102	0.0332
Model 3 bifactor DASS-8	Crude	30.999	0.013	16	0.984	0.973	0.066	0.030 to 0.101	0.0329
Model 4 1F DASS-12	Crude	268.420	0.001	54	0.840	0.805	0.137	0.121 to 0.153	0.0790
Model 4 1F DASS-12	Correlated error	176.317	0.001	52	0.907	0.882	0.106	0.089 to 0.123	0.0684
Model 5 3F DASS-12	Crude	117.403	0.001	51	0.951	0.936	0.078	0.060 to 0.097	0.0460
Model 5 3F DASS-12	Correlated error	88.049	0.001	50	0.972	0.963	0.060	0.038 to 0.080	0.0379
Model 6 bifactor DASS-12	Crude	113.763	0.001	51	0.953	0.937	0.078	0.060 to 0.097	–
Model 6 bifactor DASS-12	Correlated error	104.279	0.001	47	0.957	0.940	0.076	0.056 to 0.095	–

χ², chi-square; df, degrees of freedom; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker–Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CI, confidence interval; SRMR, standardized root mean residual; –, SRMR was not produced denoting improper convergence of the model.

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