Table 1 (A) Model results predicting the total number of successful foraging attempts recorded by individual harbor seals relative to number of run visits, number of total visits, and individual ID. The change in AIC value is the difference between the tested model and the model of best fit (as determined by the lowest AIC value). (B) Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Model (GLMM) output for the final, most parsimonious model describing the total number of successful attempts recorded by an individual harbor seal.

From: Individual variability in foraging success of a marine predator informs predator management

(A)

Models for total successes

Estimation method

df

AIC

ΔAIC

Successes ~ Mean Salmon

GLM

2

606.0

204.1

Successes ~ Mean Salmon + Total Visits

GLM

3

502.8

101.0

Successes ~ Mean Salmon + Run Visits

GLM

3

452.9

51.0

Successes ~ Mean Salmon + (1|ID)

GLMM

3

438.9

36.9

Successes ~ Run Years + (1|ID)

GLMM

3

401.9

0

(B)

Random effect

Variance

N

ID

1.14

169

Fixed effect

Estimate

95% CI

SE

Z value

P value

Run years

0.57

(0.39, 0.74)

0.08

6.34

<< .001

  1. CIs represent the 95% confidence interval for the estimate of each parameter in the model. Note that a P value cannot be reliably calculated for random effects in mixed models and thus has been omitted from the table.