Table 6 Equivalent Strain results for Lateral bending loading mode.

From: Analysis of the physiological load on lumbar vertebrae in patients with osteoporosis: a finite-element study

Component

Lumbar level

Osteoporosis (A)

Normal (B)

Loading ratio (A − B)/B × 100 (%)

Cortical bone

L1

0.0029

0.0027

9.11

L2

0.0059

0.0057

3.65

L3

0.0063

0.0051

22.93

L4

0.0084

0.0054

55.26

L5

0.0072

0.0033

116.54

Cancellous bone

L1

0.0039

0.0025

59.12

L2

0.0092

0.0051

80.78

L3

0.0202

0.0083

145.28

L4

0.0310

0.0095

228.30

L5

0.0413

0.0107

287.24

Posterior bone

L1

0.0016

0.0026

− 41.06

L2

0.0020

0.0027

− 25.93

L3

0.0032

0.0035

− 8.90

L4

0.0043

0.0033

30.49

L5

0.0074

0.0058

26.57

Lower endplate

L1–L2

0.0965

0.1026

− 5.92

L2–L3

0.0854

0.0918

− 6.97

L3–L4

0.0570

0.0569

0.22

L4–L5

0.0369

0.0266

38.36

L5–S

0.0116

0.0062

86.46

Upper endplate

L1–L2

0.1037

0.1086

− 4.47

L2–L3

0.1112

0.1186

− 6.25

L3–L4

0.0841

0.0855

− 1.69

L4–L5

0.0826

0.0731

13.00

L5–S

0.0377

0.0297

26.80

Annulus fiber

L1–L2

0.3474

0.7796

− 55.43

L2–L3

0.5666

1.1207

− 49.44

L3–L4

0.9000

1.2738

− 29.35

L4–L5

1.1386

1.3531

− 15.85

L5–S

1.1829

1.3688

− 13.58

Nucleus pulposus

L1–L2

0.2686

0.6916

− 61.17

L2–L3

0.4348

0.9825

− 55.74

L3–L4

0.5803

1.1735

− 50.55

L4–L5

0.4841

1.4656

− 66.97

L5–S

0.5084

1.3319

− 61.83

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