Table 1 Participant characteristics: demographics, TBE vaccination status, and covariates required to adjust vaccine effectiveness analysis (see Supplementary Fig. 2).
From: Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine effectiveness and barriers to vaccination in Germany
Demographics | Cases | Controls | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 581a | n = 975 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Male | 368 (63.3%) | 608 (62.4%) | 0.699 |
Age group 2–13 years | 53 (9.1%) | 60 (6.2%) | 0.091 |
Age group 14–65 years | 407 (70.1%) | 702 (72.0%) | |
Age group ≥ 65 years | 121 (20.8%) | 213 (21.9%) | |
≥ 1 comorbidity (self-reported) | 118 (21.2%) | 236 (24.2%) | 0.172 |
Highest level of completed secondary educationb (duration in years) | |||
Abitur (12–13 years) | 162 (29.0%) | 307 (31.5%) | 0.049 |
Fachabitur (12–13 years) | 55 (9.9%) | 81 (8.3%) | |
Realschulabschluss (10 years) | 142 (25.4%) | 300 (30.8%) | |
Hauptschulabschluss (9 years) | 133 (23.8%) | 194 (19.9%) | |
Still in school/none/missing | 66 (11.8%) | 93 (9.5%) | |
TBE-vaccination | |||
Unvaccinated | 497 (85.5%) | 397 (40.7%) | < 0.001 |
Any TBE vaccination (≥ 1 dose) | 78 (13.4%) | 578 (59.3%) | |
Unvaccinated, but received first dose after symptom onset | 6 (1.0%) | – | |
Among TBE vaccinated: vaccination card in interview | 59 (79.7%) | 415 (71.8%) | 0.149 |
TBE-vaccination: interval since last dose | |||
Unvaccinated | 497 (86.4%) | 397 (40.7%) | < 0.001 |
≥ 3 doses, on-time | 17 (3.0%) | 235 (24.1%) | |
≥ 3 doses, not on-time, ≤ 10 years | 12 (2.1%) | 106 (10.9%) | |
≥ 3 doses, not on-time, > 10 years | 7 (1.2%) | 43 (4.4%) | |
2 doses, on-time | 4 (0.7%) | 8 (0.8%) | |
1–2 doses | 33 (5.7%) | 116 (11.9%) | |
≥ 1 dose, additional data missing | 5 (0.9%) | 70 (7.2%) | |
TBE-vaccination: vaccine type | |||
≥ 3 doses ENCEPUR | 8 (1.4%) | 105 (10.8%) | 0.411 |
≥ 3 doses FSME-IMMUN | 13 (2.3%) | 106 (10.9%) | |
≥ 3 doses, heterologous schedule | 7 (1.2%) | 101 (10.4%) | |
TBE-vaccination: timing of primary immunisation | |||
≥ 3doses, standard timing | 11 (1.9%) | 132 (13.5%) | 0.671 |
≥ 3doses, irregular timing | 12 (2.1%) | 173 (17.7%) | |
Covariates required to adjust VE analysis (see Supplementary Fig.2) | |||
Rural residence (< 5000 inhabitants) | 268 (48.0%) | 413 (42.4%) | 0.095 |
Tick bites: never | 103 (18.5%) | 300 (30.8%) | < 0.001 |
Tick bites: last bite > 1 year ago | 87 (15.6%) | 407 (41.7%) | |
Tick bites: 1–2 bites in last year | 198 (35.5%) | 181 (18.6%) | |
Tick bites: ≥ 3 bites in last year | 170 (30.5%) | 87 (8.9%) | |
Gardening ≥ 4 × /weekc | 157 (28.1%) | 125 (12.8%) | < 0.001 |
Taking walks ≥ 4 × /weekc | 328 (58.8%) | 458 (47.0%) | < 0.001 |
Other outdoor activity ≥ 4 × /weekc | 179 (32.1%) | 253 (25.9%) | 0.010 |
Not staying on pathsc | 133 (23.8%) | 100 (10.3%) | < 0.001 |
