Figure 1

Chronic social defeat stress induced depressive-like behavior in stress-susceptible mice and not in stress-resilient mice. (a) An experimental schedule. Mice received chronic social defeat stress composed of repeated exposure to social defeat stress for 10 min daily for 10 consecutive days. Control and stressed mice received the social interaction test to examine chronic social defeat stress-induced social avoidance, an index of depressive-like behavior. Multiple brain regions and blood plasma were collected for lipid metabolite analysis immediately or 1 week after the last stress exposure. (b) A behavioral chamber used for the social interaction test. An area close to a social target enclosed in a metal meshwork is defined as the interaction zone and the opposite area as the avoidance zone. (c,d) The time spent in the avoidance zone (c) or the interaction zone (d) during the social interaction test. (e) The behavioral results of the social interaction test on the next day and 1 week after chronic stress. The number of samples is shown below each bar or indicated next to the legend. See “Methods” for definition of the mice. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. ****P < 0.0001 for Tukey’s multiple comparisons test following one-way ANOVA.