Table 2 Neurocognitive performance changes.

From: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial

 

HBOT

Control

p-value baseline

Net effect size*

ANOVA (group-by-time) interaction

Pre

Post

p-value**

Change

Pre

Post

p-value**

Change

F

p-value

N

37

36

    

Score

98.3 ± 11.1

104.1 ± 7.2

0.0001

5.8 ± 7.9

98.9 ± 8.5

101.3 ± 8.9

0.0105

2.4 ± 5.4

0.821

0.495

4.469

0.038

Memory

93.7 ± 13.4

102.0 ± 10.9

0.0001

8.3 ± 11.2

94.9 ± 12.2

102.1 ± 8.7

0.0000

7.2 ± 8.5

0.695

0.111

0.226

0.636

Executive function

103.5 ± 13.1

109.0 ± 8.2

0.0029

5.6 ± 10.6

102.5 ± 10.3

103.8 ± 10.5

0.2526

1.3 ± 6.8

0.725

0.477

4.159

0.045

Attention

97.3 ± 16.0

101.9 ± 9.0

0.0292

4.6 ± 12.4

99.6 ± 8.2

99.4 ± 10.1

0.8495

− 0.3 ± 8.3

0.434

0.463

3.914

0.052

Information processing speed

94.8 ± 14.2

102.4 ± 13.0

0.0003

7.6 ± 11.4

94.4 ± 14.2

98.3 ± 17.7

0.0734

3.9 ± 12.7

0.910

0.303

1.673

0.200

Motor skills

102.4 ± 12.6

105.3 ± 8.3

0.0827

2.9 ± 10.0

102.9 ± 8.4

102.9 ± 9.0

0.9639

0.1 ± 6.7

0.858

0.338

2.079

0.154

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD; Bold, significant after Bonferroni correction; * Cohen's d net effect size; ** pre-post treatment/ sham P-value. The follow up assessments were performed 1–3 weeks after the last treatment session.
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