Table 2 Comparison of cognition and other non-motor symptoms in de novo Parkinsonian patients with or without MCI.

From: Associations of cognitive dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease

Variable

MCI

Non-MCI

P value

K-MMSE, score

24.4 ± 4.4

27.3 ± 2.1

0.0015

Cognitive subdomain (composite %ile)

Attention and working memory

79.7 ± 21.3

80.0 ± 19.3

0.945

Language

41.4 ± 33.0

68.6 ± 19.0

 < 0.001

Memory

13.3 ± 19.1

47.8 ± 23.9

 < 0.001

Visuospatial function

32.5 ± 29.6

59.7 ± 30.0

 < 0.001

Executive function

18.5 ± 21.0

54.7 ± 26.3

 < 0.001

BDI (depression)

12.9 ± 9.1

6.9 ± 5.1

0.015

BAI (anxiety)

8.0 ± 6.8

5.9 ± 6.1

0.380

PFS (fatigue)

45.7 ± 17.6

38.2 ± 14.9

0.473

SCOPA-AUT (dysautonomia)

Gastrointestinal (GI) domain

4.5 (2–7)

1 (0–3)

0.003a

Urinary (UR) domain

8.5 (5.25–11.75)

4 (2.25–6)

0.005a

Cardiovascular (CV) domain

1 (0–2)

0 (0–0)

0.005a

Thermoregulatory (TR) domain

1 (0–2)

0 (0–0.75)

0.047a

Pilomotor (PM) domain

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.520a

Total dysautonomia

17.1 ± 8.4

9.0 ± 6.5

 < 0.001

  1. Data are shown as mean ± S.D., or median (interquartile range) values.
  2. MCI, mild cognitive impairment; K-MMSE, Korean version of mini-mental state examination; BDI, Beck depression inventory; BAI, Beck anxiety inventory; PFS, Parkinson’s disease fatigue scale; SCOPA-AUT, the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-Autonomic questionnaire.
  3. Statistical analyses were conducted with Chi square test for categorical variables, and Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U test afor continuous variables.
  4. Significant values are in bold.
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