Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants.

From: Sit to stand muscle power reference values and their association with adverse events in Colombian older adults

Anthropometric and muscle strength

Men (n = 1564)

Women (n = 2125)

Overall (n = 3689)

P for sex

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Age (years)

69.8 ± 7.1

69.1 ± 6.9

69.4 ± 7.1

0.003

Height (cm)

1.63 ± 0.1

1.50 ± 0.1

1.56 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

Body mass (kg)

68.1 ± 12.2

62.9 ± 12.6

65.1 ± 12.7

 < 0.001

Calf circumference (cm)

34.7 ± 3.4

34.6 ± 3.9

34.2 ± 3.7

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

26.1 ± 4.1

28.2 ± 5.3

27.3 ± 4.9

 < 0.001

STS time (s)

14.3 ± 4.1

15.6 ± 4.3

15.1 ± 4.2

 < 0.001

STS power (W·kg−1)

2.2 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.5

1.9 ± 0.6

 < 0.001

Handgrip strength (kg/body mass)

0.44 ± 0.1

0.28 ± 0.1

0.33 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

Gait speed (m/s)

0.83 ± 0.27

0.73 ± 0.23

0.77 ± 0.25

 < 0.001

Sociodemographic and lifestyle outcomes

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Socio-economic status

Level I–II

1252 (80.1)

1614 (76)

2866 (77.7)

 < 0.001

Level III–IV

307 (19.6)

488 (23)

795 (21.6)

 < 0.001

Level V–VI

5 (0.3)

23 (1.1)

28 (0.8)

0.001

Urbanicity

Urban

1129 (72.2)

1686 (79.3)

2815 (76.3)

 < 0.001

Rural

435 (27.8)

439 (20.7)

874 (23.7)

0.892

Ethnic group

Indigenous

130 (9.3)

94 (5.1)

224 (6.1)

0.016

Black 'mulato' or Afro-Colombian

158 (11.2)

166 (9.0)

324 (8.8)

0.657

White

408 (29)

635 (34.4)

1043 (28.3)

 < 0.001

Othersa

709 (50.5)

953 (51.6)

1662 (45.1)

 < 0.001

Lifestyle

Alcohol

382 (24.4)

116 (5.5)

498 (13.5)

 < 0.001

Smoking

234 (15.0)

156 (7.3)

390 (10.6)

 < 0.001

Meeting PA recommendations

388 (24.8)

323 (15.2)

711 (19.3)

0.015

Neuromuscular disorders

Sarcopenia

170 (11.0)

331 (15.7)

501 (13.6)

 < 0.001

Dynapenia

642 (41.8)

997 (46.9)

1619 (43.9)

 < 0.001

Poor gait speed

894 (58.9)

1488 (74.1)

2382 (64.6)

 < 0.001

Neurocognitive disorders

Cognitive impairment

159 (10.2)

277 (13)

436 (11.8)

 < 0.001

Mental problems

91 (5.8)

215 (10.1)

306 (8.3)

 < 0.001

Visual problems

892 (63.5)

1222 (66.3)

2114 (57.3)

 < 0.001

Hearing problems

428 (27.4)

437 (20.6)

865 (23.4)

0.760

Memory

216 (13.8)

256 (12.0)

472 (12.8)

 < 0.001

Dementia

77 (4.9)

168 (7.9)

245 (6.6)

 < 0.001

Metabolic disorders

Hypertension

714 (45.8)

1254 (59.1)

1968 (53.3)

 < 0.001

Diabetes

219 (14.0)

371 (17.5)

590 (16.0)

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular diseases

189 (12.1)

289 (13.6)

478 (13.0)

 < 0.001

Other adverse events

Falls in the last year

363 (23.2)

728 (34.3)

1091 (29.6)

 < 0.001

Hospitalized > 24 h last year

154 (9.8)

243 (11.4)

397 (10.8)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or frequency (percentage) of participants. Student’s t-test or χ2 test analyzed significant differences between men and women groups.
  2. BMI body mass index, PA physical activity, SD standard deviation.
  3. aOthers (mestizo, gitano and gipsy, etc.).
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