Table 4 Thermodynamic parameters for Cd(II) removal by the MBA nano-hybrid (pH = 7.0, adsorbent = 1.0 g/L, temperature = 25 °C, time = 60 min).

From: Dual immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles and biosilica within alginate matrix for the adsorption of Cd(II) from aquatic phase

Concentration (mg/L)

ΔH°(kJ/mol)

ΔG° (kJ/mol)

ΔS° (kJ/K.mol)

298 °k

308 °k

318 °k

318 °k

40

 − 8.13

 − 7.16

 − 6.06

 − 5.54

88.21

 − 20.88

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