Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with diabetic kidney disease.

From: Depression is a main determinant of health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic kidney disease

Variable

Stages of chronic kidney disease

P

3 (N = 56)

4 (N = 41)

5 (N = 44)

Age, years

67 (58–74)

66 (59–71)

65 (55–69)

0.334

Male, n (%)

42 (75)

24 (59)

37 (84)

0.027

Smoking, pack/years

0.7 (0.0–3.0)

0.0 (0.0–2.0)

2.1 (0.0–4.4)

0.067

Nonsmoker, n (%)

25 (45)

21 (51)

15 (34)

0.465

Ex-smoker

24 (43)

13 (32)

20 (46)

Current smoker

7 (12)

7 (17)

9 (20)

Alcohol use, n (%)

≤ 1/month

45 (80)

36 (88)

37 (84)

0.720

1/week

4 (7)

1 (2)

1 (2)

2–3/week

7 (13)

3 (7)

5 (12)

≥ 4/week

0 (0)

1 (3)

1 (2)

BMI, kg/m2

25.3 (22.5–27.1)

25.0 (21.9–28.7)

25.5 (23.0–27.8)

0.827

Normal, n (%)

15 (27)

13 (32)

11 (25)

0.963

Overweight, n (%)

10 (18)

7 (17)

9 (20)

Obesity, n (%)

31 (55)

21 (51)

24 (55)

SBP, mmHg

130 (120–140)

132 (127–142)

137 (124–148)

0.303

DBP, mmHg

76 (67–82)

76 (65–84)

72 (65–77)

0.281

DM duration, years

19.0 (13.3–27.0)

19.0 (14.0–27.5)

17.5 (11.3–22.0)

0.393

Comorbidities, n (%)

MI

4 (7)

5 (12)

2 (5)

0.410

CHF

2 (4)

4 (10)

6 (14)

0.179

PAOD

5 (9)

3 (7)

3 (7)

0.918

Stroke

11 (20)

9 (22)

6 (14)

0.870

Dementia

0 (0)

2 (5)

0 (0)

0.083

COPD

2 (4)

0 (0)

1 (2)

0.779

Malignancy

6 (11)

5 (12)

6 (14)

0.905

Chronic liver disease

13 (23)

9 (22)

8 (18)

0.824

Peptic ulcer disease

0 (0)

3 (7)

5 (11)

0.028

CCI score

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

7.0 (6.0–8.0)

< 0.001

Low, n (%)

5 (9)

1 (2)

0 (0)

< 0.001

Moderate, n (%)

35 (62)

22 (54)

12 (27)

High, n (%)

10 (18)

12 (29)

14 (32)

Very high, n (%)

6 (11)

6 (14)

18 (41)

PSQI-K score

2.0 (1.0–5.0)

2.0 (1.0–5.5)

4.0 (2.3–8.0)

0.002

Good sleeper, n (%)

43 (77)

31 (76)

27 (61)

0.189

Poor sleeper, n (%)

13 (23)

10 (24)

17 (39)

Anxiety score

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

3.0 (1.0–4.0)

2.0 (1.0–6.0)

0.427

Normal, n (%)

53 (95)

38 (93)

39 (89)

0.695

Borderline, n (%)

3 (5)

2 (5)

4 (9)

Abnormal, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (2)

1 (2)

Depression score

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

4.0 (2.5–6.0)

4.0 (1.0–8.0)

0.259

Normal, n (%)

50 (89)

35 (85.5)

32 (73)

0.252

Borderline, n (%)

4 (7)

5 (12)

8 (18)

Abnormal, n (%)

2 (4)

1 (2.5)

4 (9)

IPAQ score

1,680 (810–3,360)

1,560 (120–3,360)

840 (480–2200)

0.263

Low, n (%)

12 (21)

15 (37)

13 (29)

0.122

Moderate, n (%)

28 (50)

14 (34)

25 (57)

High, n (%)

16 (29)

12 (29)

6 (14)

SF-36 score

78.8 (71.0–82.1)

70.5(56.4–81.5)

69.8(56.9–81.6)

0.029

Physical functioning

90.0 (85.0–95.0)

85.0 (62.5–95.0)

85.0 (61.3–90.0)

0.047

Role-physical

75.0 (56.3–100.0)

50.0 (25.0–100.0)

50.0 (25.0–100.0)

0.002

Bodily pain

100.0 (90.0–100.0)

100.0 (83.8–100.0)

100.0 (81.9–100.0)

0.277

Social functioning

100.0 (90.6–100.0)

100.0 (75.0–100.0)

100.0 (87.5–100.0)

0.260

Mental health

72.0 (64.0–80.0)

76.0 (64.0–80.0)

72.0 (56.0–76.0)

0.155

Role-emotional

100.0 (66.7–100.0)

100.0 (33.3–100.0)

100.0 (41.7–100.0)

0.244

Vitality

50.0 (45.0–60.0)

50.0 (45.0–62.5)

50.0 (40.0–60.0)

0.295

General health

40.0 (21.3–65.0)

40.0 (25.0–57.5)

40.0 (21.3–60.0)

0.991

PCS score

78.8 (65.2–85.0)

71.3 (52.8–82.5)

65.0 (51.9–79.4)

0.011

MCS score

80.5 (67.5–83.9)

74.4 (59.1–82.5)

74.3 (51.7–82.9)

0.208

Hb, g/dL

12.7 (11.6–14.4)

11.9 (10.6–12.7)

11.1 (10.3–12.1)

< 0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

41 (37–47)

22 (18–27)

7 (6–11)

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

6.9 (6.2–7.7)

6.8 (6.4–7.8)

6.5 (5.8–6.9)

0.014

uPCR, mg/mg Cr

0.97 (0.53–2.13)

2.40 (1.08–4.44)

3.78 (1.10–5.45)

0.001

  1. Values are expressed as the median (interquartile range) or percentage, as appropriate.
  2. The eight SF-36 scales are as follows: physical functioning (PF), role limitation caused by physical problems (RF), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role limitation caused by emotional problems (RE), and mental health (MH).
  3. BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, CHF congestive heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive lung disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Hb hemoglobin, MCS mental component summary, MI myocardial infarction, PAOD peripheral artery occlusive disease, PCS physical component summary, PSQI-K Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SBP systolic blood pressure, SF-36 Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, uPCR urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
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