Figure 1

ChromSTEM tomography reconstruction of chromatin in an A549 cell. (A, B) The DRAQ5 photo-oxidation process takes 7 min for each region of interest. Scale bar: 10 µm. (C) The DRAQ5-labeled regions were more intensely stained than the nearby regions (red squares; the letter corresponds to the regions in the left panels). Scale bar: 20 µm. (D) STEM image of a 100 nm thick section of an A549 cell in HAADF mode. Scale bar: 2 µm. (E) Schematics for dual-tilt tomography. The sample was tilted from − 60° to 60° with 2° increments on two perpendicular axes. (F) 3D tomography of the A549 chromatin. Scale bar: 120 nm. (G, H) The fine structure of the chromatin fiber: nucleosomes (blue arrows in G), linker DNA (blue arrows in H) Scale bar: 30 nm. (I, J) 3D rendering of the chromatin organization, the pseudo-color was based on the intensity of the tomograms (Mov. S4–S6). (I) A magnified view of the region labeled by a white square in (J). Pink and green regions represent high and low DNA density regions, respectively.