Table 2 Main effects and interaction on accuracy of emotion inferences across species and emotions in Study 2.
(I) | (J) | Mean diff. (I–J) | Std. error | Sig. | 95% wald confidence interval for difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||
Emotion main effect | ||||||
Angry | Happy | .092* | .027 | .001 | .039 | .145 |
Happy | Neutral | .034 | .026 | .197 | − .018 | .086 |
Angry | Neutral | .126* | .024 | > .001 | .080 | .172 |
Species main effect | ||||||
Dog | Bonobo/chimp | .123* | .015 | > .001 | .093 | .153 |
Human | Dog | .181* | .013 | > .001 | .155 | .207 |
Human | Bonobo/chimp | .304* | .014 | > .001 | .277 | .331 |
Emotion × species interaction | ||||||
Dog comparisons across emotions | ||||||
Angry | Happy | .222* | .045 | > .001 | .137 | .308 |
Angry | Neutral | .182* | .032 | > .001 | .120 | .244 |
Neutral | Happy | .040 | .038 | .285 | − .034 | .114 |
Bonobo/chimpanzee comparisons across emotions | ||||||
Angry | Happy | .091^ | .042 | .031 | .008 | .173 |
Neutral | Happy | .076 | .041 | .064 | − .004 | .156 |
Angry | Neutral | .015 | .041 | .666 | − .054 | .084 |
Human comparisons across emotions | ||||||
Happy | Angry | .037 | .019 | .051 | − .0001 | .073 |
Happy | Neutral | .218* | .027 | > .001 | .166 | .271 |
Angry | Neutral | .182* | .028 | > .001 | .127 | .237 |
Happy comparisons across species | ||||||
Human | Dog | .354* | .031 | > .001 | .294 | .413 |
Human | Bonobo/chimp | .444* | .027 | > .001 | .391 | .498 |
Dog | Bonobo/chimp | .091* | .028 | .001 | .037 | .145 |
Angry comparisons across species | ||||||
Human | Dog | .095* | .028 | .001 | .041 | .149 |
Human | Bonobo/chimp | .317* | .029 | > .001 | .260 | .374 |
Dog | Bonobo/chimp | .222* | .027 | > .001 | .169 | .276 |
Neutral comparisons across species | ||||||
Human | Dog | .095* | .023 | > .001 | .049 | .141 |
Human | Bonobo/chimp | .150* | .025 | > .001 | .100 | .200 |
Dog | Bonobo/chimp | .056^ | .026 | .036 | .004 | .107 |
