Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia promotes an immune suppressive microenvironment that can be overcome by IL-12

Figure 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

B-cell ALL alters the immune microenvironment. (A) Cytokines were measured via Luminex from the plasma of peripheral blood of children with B-ALL at the time of diagnosis. Cytokines are depicted in the heatmap relative to the median with supervised hierarchical clustering by residual disease at the end of induction chemotherapy (**P < 0.001 t test; FDR q value = 0.002; two-stage step up (Benjamini, Krieger & Yekutieli)). (B) The ratio of IL-7 to IL-1a and IL-1b is depicted (Mann Whitney test). (C) Dimensional reduction of non-leukemia cell populations using UMAP with cells colored and labeled by immune cell assignment. (D) Non-leukemia cells UMAP plot, split by disease outcome, with high exhaustion-scoring cells highlighted with high exhaustion scores in several cell populations including mature CD8 (MCD8) T-cells and natural killer T-cells (NK-T). Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction used for statistical analysis demonstrates association of cells with high exhaustion score and MRD at end of induction chemotherapy (p-value < 5.2e-13).

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