Table 2 Participant characteristics in individuals with each component of the physical frailty status among 241 individuals in the prefrail group.

n

64

59

58

14

96

Age (y), mean (SD)

70.0 (65.0–75.0)

78.0 (71.0–82.0)*

73.0 (69.0–81.0)*

68.5 (64.7–73.7)

66.0 (63.0–70.0)*

Women (%)

48.4

48.5

62.1

50.0

57.3

Hypertension (%)

77.8

88.1*

80.7

78.9

70.8

Diabetes mellitus (%)

21.0

30.5*

19.3

21.4

14.9

Serum LDL-chol, mg/dL, mean (SD)

112.5 (96.0–134.2)

102.0 (85.0–123.0)*

108.0 (90.0–133.0)

112.5 (86.5–149.7)

122.0 (101.0–139.2)

Serum HDL-chol, mg/dL, mean (SD)

56.0 (49.7–68.2)

55.0 (49.0–67.0)*

56.0 (50.0–70.0)

55.0 (51.2–60.5)

59.5 (50.0–68.0)

Education ≤ 9 y (%)

38.1

49.1*

56.1*

50.0

36.5

Smoking habit (%)

14.1

20.3*

6.9

21.4

21.4

Drinking habit (%)

45.3

37.3

22.4*

64.3

40.6

ApoE E4, present, (%)

22.2

18.6

20.0

28.6

22.3

MMSE, median (IQR)

29.0 (27.0–30.0)

28.0 (27.0–29.0)

28.0 (26.0–29.0)*

27.5 (26.0–29.0)

29.0 (27.0–30.0)

Depressive symptoms (%)

17.2

37.3*

20.7

42.9*

19.8

GDS, median (IQR)

3.0 (1.25–5.0)*

4.0 (2.0–6.0)*

3.5 (1.0–5.0)*

4.5 (2.0–9.0)*

3.0 (1.0–5.0)*

Frailty component

Weight loss, present (%)

–

10.2

6.9

0

6.3

Slowness, present (%)

9.4

–

27.6*

21.4

4.2

Weakness, present (%)

6.3

27.1*

–

7.1

9.4

Exhaustion, present (%)

0

5.1

1.7

–

1.0

Low physical activity (%)

9.4

6.8

15.5

7.1

–