Table 1 The effect of selenium sources and flowering stages on some morphological characteristics of Echium amoenum.

From: Evaluation of foliar application of selenium and flowering stages on selected properties of Iranian Borage as a medicinal plant

Flowering time × (treatment)

Se (mg L−1)

Shoot length (cm)

Shoot fresh weight (g)

Shoot dry weight (g)

Root fresh weight (g)

Root dry weight (g)

Flower number

Petal alkaloid (mg/100 g DW)

Flower fresh weight (g)

Flower dry weight (g)

B.F

0 Con

37mn

200o

39mn

151mn

14mn

106no

3.13eh

11gh

3.06gh

B.F

2 Ssit

41lm

217ln

42lm

159lm

15lm

119m

3.28cg

18cf

4.7def

B.F

4 Ssit

45.66k

236lm

45kl

161klm

15.3klm

121lm

3.66bc

20cde

5.4cde

B.F

8 Ssit

38mn

227mn

44kl

175j

16j

111n

3.5be

18cf

4.81cf

B.F

16 Ssit

30o

194o

37n

143n

13n

103o

3.14dh

9h

2.46h

B.F

2 Ssat

43.3kl

245l

47k

166jkl

15jkl

111n

3.84b

15efg

4.09efg

B.F

4 Ssat

58j

269k

52j

174j

16 j

126l

4.23a

16efg

4.21efg

B.F

8 Ssat

43kl

248l

48k

198hi

19hi

109no

3.57bcd

17def

4.4efg

B.F

16 Ssat

34n

196o

38n

147n

14n

104o

3.36cf

10h

2.6g

F.F

0 Con

64.66ghi

529j

103ghi

175j

16.6j

176fg

2.4k

21cde

5.4cde

F.F

2 Ssit

69.16fgh

542i

105fgh

191i

18j

189e

2.83gk

31ab

8.11ab

F.F

4 Ssit

64ef

569fg

109fg

190i

18i

204d

3.08ei

32.7ab

8.4ab

F.F

8 Ssit

64ghi

559gh

108ef

204h

19h

180f

2.61jk

30b

7.7b

F.F

16 Ssit

63.2de

523jk

100i

170jk

16jk

168hi

2.73hk

17def

4.5def

F.F

2 Ssat

70.66hi

553hi

108ef

201h

19hi

227c

2.86gj

23c

6.14c

F.F

4 Ssat

77.33ed

576g

115d

196hi

18.6hi

290a

2.5jk

35a

9.18afgh

F.F

8Ssat

74ab

558gh

107efg

263g

25g

245b

2.39k

30ab

7.9ab

F.F

16 Ssat

61bcd

528j

102hi

171j

16i

161c

2.82gk

18cf

4.84cf

E.F

0 Ssit

63.33ij

619cde

120c

590f

56f

150j

2.66ik

17def

4.5def

E.F

2 Ssit

68.33efg

628cd

121c

611e

58e

160k

2.9gj

18cf

4.74cf

E.F

4 Ssit

72.33dcde

631c

123c

625d

60d

170j

2.91gj

21cde

5.44cde

E.F

8 Ssit

65.66fgh

630c

121c

667c

63c

162gh

2.77hk

20cde

5.4cde

E.F

16 Ssit

63.7hi

608e

119c

585f

55f

144ij

2.93fj

16efg

4.2efg

E.F

2 Ssat

70.66ed

673b

130b

675c

64c

181f

2.71hk

19cf

5.11cf

E.F

4 Ssat

80.66a

701a

137a

705b

67b

241b

3.1ei

22cd

5.88cd

E.F

8 Ssat

76.33bc

678b

131b

773a

73a

198d

2.82hk

18cf

4.85cf

E.F

16 Ssat

63hi

615de

119c

585f

55f

146k

2.77hk

14fgh

3.72fgh

Flowering time × (treatment)

Se (mg L−1)

Se accumulation (petal) (g/kg DW)

Phenol (mg GAE/g DW)

Flavonoid (mg/QE/g DW)

Antioxidant activity (%)

Total sugar (mg/g DW)

    

B.F

0 Control

0.045mn

10.53mn

2.36k

15kl

1.71fg

    

B.F

2 Ssit

0.049lm

10.17mn

2.35k

15kl

2.07efg

    

B.F

4 Ssit

0.056kl

11.02lm

3.05k

15kl

3.73cd

    

B.F

8 Ssit

0.072eh

10.33mn

2.36k

15kl

2.42efg

    

B.F

16 Ssit

0.09c

9.33n

2.16k

15kl

1.5g

    

B.F

2 Ssat

0.09c

13.66k

6.21j

16k

3.69cd

    

B.F

4 Ssat

0.096c

12.09l

6.57ij

21hi

3.92c

    

B.F

8 Ssat

0.114b

23c

15.04c

36c

7.38a

    

B.F

16 Ssat

0.124a

9.33n

2.23k

13l

1.6fg

    

F.F

0 Con

0.034k

15.4ij

6.7ij

20hij

1.95fg

    

F.F

2 Ssit

0.039nop

15.11j

5.34j

20hij

2.29efg

    

F.F

4 Ssit

0.042mno

16hij

6.03j

21hi

4.21c

    

F.F

8 Ssit

0.066fi

15.11ij

7.64j

21ghi

3.03de

    

F.F

16 Ssit

0.07ef

12l

5.94hi

20ij

1.66fg

    

F.F

2 Ssat

0.06gi

16ghi

9.2j

23fgh

3.91cd

    

F.F

4 Ssat

0.072fi

11gh

11.66g

35c

4.06c

    

F.F

8Ssat

0.078ef

27b

18b

43b

7.6a

    

F.F

16 Ssat

0.081de

12.33l

6j

18jk

1.93fg

    

E.F

0 Ssit

0.023d

20ef

10.56ef

27de

2.3efg

    

E.F

2 Ssit

0.033q

20f

8.32gh

26def

2.51ef

    

E.F

4 Ssit

0.036p

21def

9.02gh

27d

4.4c

    

E.F

8 Ssit

0.056op

20f

10.69ef

26def

4.46c

    

E.F

16 Ssit

0.07jkl

17gh

8.92gh

24efg

2.27efg

    

E.F

2 Ssat

0.06fi

21c

12.18f

37c

4.12c

    

E.F

4 Ssat

0.064hij

22cde

17.66b

37c

5.45b

    

E.F

8 Ssat

0.065fi

32.38a

21a

52a

7.82a

    

E.F

16 Ssat

0.072efg

17g

9.66fg

25def

2.22efg

    
  1. Means within each column followed by the same letter are not different according to the Duncan test.
  2. B.F Beginning of flowering, F.F Full flowering, E.F End of flowering, Ssit sodium selenite, Ssat sodium selenate.