Table 3 Relationship between the alcohol flushing response and depression according to alcohol intake (< 5 g/day, 5–14.9 g/day, 15–29.9 g/day, ≥ 30 g/day) (n = 139,380).

From: The alcohol flushing response is associated with the risk of depression

Alcohol intake (g/day)

Alcohol flushing status

AOR (95% CI)†

P-value

 < 5

Never flusher

1 (Ref.)

 

Former flusher

1.07 (0.81–1.41)

0.644

Current flusher

1.20 (1.07–1.35)

0.002

5–14.9

Never flusher

1 (Ref.)

 

Former flusher

1.06 (0.64–1.75)

0.821

Current flusher

1.39 (1.13–1.70)

0.002

15–29.9

Never flusher

1 (Ref.)

 

Former flusher

1.00 (0.59–1.71)

0.987

Current flusher

1.26 (0.95–1.67)

0.109

 ≥ 30

Never flusher

1 (Ref.)

 

Former flusher

0.85 (0.49–1.47)

0.559

Current flusher

0.97 (0.76–1.24)

0.814

  1. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference.
  2. †OR adjusted for sex, age, social activity, family income level, educational level, smoking status, age of drinking onset, and attempts to reduce/quit drinking.
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