Table 2 Adverse clinical outcomes and results of the Cox proportional regression model according to tertile of baseline alanine aminotransferase level.

From: Low alanine aminotransferase levels are independently associated with mortality risk in patients with atrial fibrillation

Variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis**

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Stroke

ALT as a categorical variable (first vs second and third tertile*)

0.96 (0.65–1.40)

0.85

0.83 (0.56–1.23)

0.36

ALT as a continuous variable (per 1 U/L increase)

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

0.94

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.35

Major bleeding

ALT as a categorical variable (first vs second and third tertile*)

1.18 (0.81–1.69)

0.37

1.08 (0.73–1.560)

0.68

ALT as a continuous variable (per 1 U/L increase)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.60

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.28

Cardiovascular mortality

ALT as a categorical variable (first vs second and third tertile*)

2.26 (1.49–3.41)

< 0.001

1.69 (1.10–2.59)

0.016

ALT as a continuous variable (per 1 U/L increase)

0.97 (0.94–0.99)

0.006

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.23

All-cause mortality

ALT as a categorical variable (first vs second and third tertile*)

1.96 (1.48–2.60)

< 0.001

1.53 (1.14–2.04)

0.003

ALT as a continuous variable (per 1 U/L increase)

0.96 (0.94–0.98)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

0.015

  1. *First tertile, baseline ALT ≤ 15 U/L, n = 1098; second tertile, 15 < ALT < 23 U/L, n = 1055; and third tertile, ALT ≥ 23 U/L, n = 1003.
  2. **Adjusted for age (≥ 75 years), sex, lower body weight (< 50 kg), AF type (persistent or long-standing persistent AF vs paroxysmal AF), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, vascular disease, lower creatinine clearance (≤ 50 mL/min), history of stroke/TIA.
  3. ALT alanine aminotransferase, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
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