Table 3 Color profile of the raw, cowpea sourdough, quinoa malt whole and multigrain 3D-printed biscuits.

RC3D

55.22^d

[0.01]

4.54^a

[0.01]

8.27^d

[0.01]

0.01^a

[0]

0.01^a

[0.01]

21.93^a

[0.03]

56.26^d

[0.01]

5.39^b

[0.02]

9.89^d

[0.01]

0.02^a

[0.02]

0.02^a

[0.01]

26.00^c

[0.03]

RQ3D

63.11^f

[0.01]

5.20^b

[0.01]

16.99^e

[0.02]

0.02^a

[0.01]

0.04^b

[0.01]

36.89^e

[0.02]

63.28^f

[0.01]

5.07^a

[0.01]

17.05^e

[0.01]

0.04^b

[0.01]

0.02^a

[0.02]

36.74^e

[0.01]

CS3D

47.35^a

[0.02]

7.35^e

[0.01]

5.31^a

[0.01]

8.87^e

[0.02]

8.72^f

[0.01]

22.82^b

[0.02]

48.24^a

[0]

7.60^d

[0.01]

5.74^a

[0.01]

9.31^f

[0.01]

9.95^e

[0.01]

23.76^a

[0.03]

QM3D

61.94^e

[0.01]

5.39^c

[0.01]

17.41^f

[0.01]

1.26^b

[0.01]

3.02^c

[0.01]

38.84^f

[0.02]

62.01^e

[0.02]

5.55^c

[0.03]

17.52^f

[0.02]

1.44^c

[0.01]

1.47^b

[0.01]

39.22^f

[0.02]

CS-QM3D (80:20)

48.45^b

[0.01]

7.33^d

[0.01]

6.31^b

[0.01]

7.58^d

[0.01]

7.01^e

[0.01]

24.60^c

[0.03]

49.47^b

[0.01]

7.58^d

[0.01]

6.58^b

[0.02]

7.88^e

[0.01]

8.63D

[0.01]

25.05^b

[0.03]

CS-QM3D (60:40)

49.40^c

[0.01]

7.63^f

[0.02]

8.03^c

[0.01]

6.59^c

[0.02]

6.10^d

[0.01]

28.62^d

[0.02]

50.75^c

[0.01]

7.65^e

[0.02]

7.99^c

[0.01]

6.26^d

[0.01]

7.09^c

[0.01]

27.75^d

[0.01]